Faculty of Medicine

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As an educational institution, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Khartoum is aware of its role as the oldest school of medicine in the Sudan; which emphasizes its position as an institutional model for newer & developing schools. It shall continue to provide education which aims at scientific excellence, professionalism and social responsibility.

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    Study in the Intelligence Rates in The Newly Admitted Students in All Faculties in University of Khartoum in 2007
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Ahmed, Hanadi
    Originally, IQ, or intelligence quotient, was used to detect persons of lower intelligence, and to detect children of lower intelligence in order to place them in special education programs. The first IQ tests were designed to compare a child’s intelligence to what his or her intelligence should be compared to the child’s age. If the child was significantly ‘smarter’ than a ‘normal’ child of his or her age, the child was given a higher score, and if the child scored lower than expected for a child of his or her age, the child was given a low IQ score. Today, IQ testing is used not primarily for children, but also for adults. People attempt to write tests that will determine an adult’s true mental potential, unbiased by culture, and compare scores to the scores of other adults who have taken the same test. This research is done in the newly admitted students to university of Khartoum in all faculties and schools. It is a cross sectional descriptive facility-based study, an IQ test is used and the data analysis is done manually, t-student test is used to test for difference significance. It is found that the university students scores in the IQ test lie between 111.8-130.5, the mean is 125.7 and the standard deviation is 18.3. There is no significant difference between the highest and lowest faculty scores which means that there is no statistical significant difference between intelligence rates in the different faculties. It is useful to do studies in intelligence rates in students in academic schools, universities, and institutions because this can tell whether students can perform well or not.
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    Risk Factors Of Lymphoma Among inpatients of Radiation & Isotopes Centre _Khartoum 2007
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Ali, Hana
    This study is a hospital base cross sectional study about the Risk Factors of Lymphoma among patients of Radiation & Isotopes Centre-Khartoum (from october-november 2007). 83 patients were interviewed by arabic questionnaire . Data is analysed in computer by SPSS programme and presented in tables and charts. Lymphoma is the 3rd most common type of blood cancer in the world ,& every year 1000 individuals across the world are affected by Lymphoma .It`s considered as the 3rd common cancer in Sudan. This research studied the association between chronic infections and Lymphoma determined the environmental & ecological factors among patients of Lymphoma ,studied the association between depressed immunity and Lymphoma & described the food habits of Lymphoma`s patients.These study found that the males are more affected than females and their ages were found mostly in the 4th and fifth decades .the distribution of Lymphoma in Sudan was found highly in North region,followed by Middle region ,West region & then the Sounth & No cases were found from East .There was strong association between low vegetables & Fruits intake and development of Lymphoma .There was also strong correlation between depressed immunity and Lymphoma.Tobacco,alcohol ,Carbohydrates & cereals intake ,Radiation ,DM & HTN were not strongly associated with development of Lymphoma.
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    Awareness a bout Complications of Hemodialysis among Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Ahamed Gasiem hospital
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) AbdalRaoof, Abeer
    An observational, descriptive, cross sectional hospital - based study was conducted in the duration from 15th September -28 th september 2007 to determine the awareness of patients with chronic renal failure about potential complications of hemodialysis at Ahamed Gasiem hospital . After taking their consent; a data form (questionnaire) was structured and then filled by interviewing 97 patients when they had their renal hemodialysis sessions. The study showed that : 53.61% of the patients had complication due to renal haemodialysis, while hypotension is the most common complication faced by chronic renal failure patients (28.9%) , 39.18% of patients was found awareing about it, 25.7% of the patients was found not to believe in renal hemodialysis complications, Moreover 48.45% of patients did not aware about the effect of the types of food as the major risk factor which can increase the hemodialysis complication. It was also found that there is relative increase in the awareness about: transmission of infections through the blood in renal hemodialysis (63.92%), muscle cramps(62.89%), skin infection(60.82%),and anemia(54.64%) because they are more common than other complication which include Disturbance in consciousness(32.99%) and Allergic reaction(34.02%).It was found that 43.3% that patient,s psychological condition didn't affect by renal hemodialysis. finally 56.7% of them was found go directly to the doctor whenever that they have complications away from renal hemodialysis unit.
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    Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of the Internally Displaced People in Khartoum state about HIV/AIDS
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Mahadi, Azzain
    Background : Acquired Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has referred only to the latest stage of the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Although HIV/AIDS is still low in the North African countries in general, its visible trend is towards increasing in many of these countries. Sudan is one of three North African countries (together with Somalia, and Djibouti), which at the verge of the rapid spread of the infection. The study assessed the level of Knowledge , Attitude and Practice about HIV/AIDS of the IDPs living in three camps in Khartoum state (Mandela, Wad elbashIier, Panteo) from September _October 2007. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional, community based study was done in three IDPs camps in Khartoum , a sample of 98 was selected by stratified selection, a questionnaire was interviewed with IDPs, then data was analyzed using computer using (SPSS) .Results and Discussion: It was found that the majority of respondents didn’t know the causative agent of AIDS, the respondent showed a very good knowledge about different routs of HIV transmission, but still there were large numbers of them have a misconception that mosquito and cough could transmit the disease, also it was yield a very good knowledge about different ways of HIV prevention except for condom use which the majority showed no idea about it. About practice the majority of respondent practiced sex, and also the majority practiced it with only one partner and the majority of respondent weren’t dealing with traditional medicine using sharp tools and also didn’t share shaving instrument while the majority of them practiced sex with their husbands or wives and few of them practiced out of marriage. About the respondent attitude towards HIV testing; majority of them said it must before marriage and for the tow partners, but some of them thought that testing had to be done only when we felt ill. Also the majority said that they were ready for caring of an HIV +ve person at home and playing , eating and sharing him the same but not his shaving tools . Conclusion; knowledge of the IDPs HIV/AIDS is very good except some of misconceptions concerning causative agent routs of transmission and ways of prevention, the attitude of IDPs towards HIV +ve people was very good, while Practices of IDPs are very safe, but condom use as a way of preventing wasn’t used by the respondent. It is recommended to increase the quality of health educational activities,conduction of courses about HIV/AIDS for the local chives and establishment of local counseling and testing centers inside the camps.
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    Knowledge,Attiude and Practice toward Pesonal Hygiene among Basic School Children
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Mohammed, Safa
    Hygiene refers to practices associated with ensuring good health and cleanliness and it is a science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health . The research will estimate the knowledge of children and their attitude and actual practice toward personal hygiene. Study is descriptive, Cross – Sectional community based study , the target Group was pupils of 2nd to 7th class in Alshaheed Alwasyla aldo and Badr Alkobra basic schools . Sample size was 126 of pupils (57 are boys and 69 are girls ) Sample technique by simple and systemic randomly sampling . The results emphasize that the knowledge of pupils toward personal hygiene is fortunately good as we can see in figure (1) (87.7%) of boys know the importance hand washing and (86.8%) of girls know the importance of hand washing . Also in figure (10) 100% of girls and (94.7%) of boys know the importance of nails cutting. Also in table (6) (70.6%) believe that brushing teeth important for prevention from dental caries . So by far, pupils know about simple health issues as personal hygiene which is an important issue that can lead to high level wellness if applied on practice .
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    Attitude and Practice of Mothers Toward their Pre School Children Nutrition in Gafer Ibn Ouf Hospital of Paediatric, in period range from 15th of September to 10th of October 2007
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Amin, Amel
    Background: preschool children nutrition associated with independence &inconsistent eating habit in addition to most children start to refuse some food and become very picky eater, this make the child at risk for many medical problem specially the under nutrition so the attitude and practice of mothers has the major role to build the child eating habit , Material and Methods: this descriptive cross sectional study conducted on gafer ibn ouf hospital of pediatric used structured interview for total number of 96 mothers. A scoring system was made for questions (8, 9, 10 and 13) and the scores calculated manually then processed by computer to determine the level of practice. Result: Level of practice shows that (69.7%) of mothers scored from 6 to 8, (26.04%) score more than 9 and (4.17%) score less than 5 Assessing the effect of age, education, work and family size against the level of practice shows no statistically significant relation. All P values were more than 0.05. 22.9 % mothers give their children meal containing all nutrient elements while 77.1 % give their children deficient meals. 8.3% of mothers give their children 3 meals and 2 snacks, 33.3 % give their children meals not regular and not restricted to time Conclusion: The study shown that most of the mothers are feed their children incomplete deficient meal not contain the element of nutrition as recommended for the preschool children . most of the mothers restrict the child meal with three meal of family while few are give three meal plus tow snacks and some mothers don’t regulate the meal of their children in specific time The attitude & practice of mothers about preschool children nutrition must be targeted by intervention program in health centers & hospitals. Also design a program, which helps children develop important concepts, attitudes and behavior toward food KEY WORDS: mothers attitude and practice , preschool nutrition , meal time &content , taboos of food , feeding during illness.
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    Assessment of the Sociodemographic Determinants of the Tuberculosis Patients IN Abu Anja Hospital - Omdurman from 25 September 2007 to 25 October 2007
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Saeed, Alrazi
    This is a descriptive, crossectional, hospital based study, conducted in ABU ANJA hospital in September 2007. This study aims to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of TB inpatients at that hospital. Necessary data was obtained by precoded interview questionnaire. Results showed that patients ages peaked at the third decade, and that most patients were males, and that most patients are currently residing in the capital area but most patients were originally from western Sudan, and that most patients could afford daily three meals and an adequate supply of milk, diary products and red meats, and that most patients didn’t have TB patient ‘s’ at home or work prior to their infections. The findings of this study suggest that larger, more professional studies are a necessity to truly estimate the burden of TB, and that more care for female patients at all levels is required to manage the real magnitude of the problem, and that all causes of negative immigration and displacement must be handled to prevent unexpected explosions in the problem, and that elevating the public awareness and carefulness regarding TB is of great importance to avoid all possible domestic and work Bourne infections. Key words: Tuberculosis, Sociodemographics, Sudan, Gender Variation, Domestic Infection, Diet.
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    Factors behind Tobacco Use among Students of Rufaa Secondary School 4-28 September 2007
    (University of Khartoum, 2007) Salah, Ahmed
    A Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 2007in Rufaa secondary school with the aim of providing data on students’ tobacco use status, knowledge, and attitudes and factors behind use. A total coverage was done and 92 students were found to use snuff. Results showed a prevalence of 7% current users among the students. 64.1% of the students started snuffing at age between 10-15 years. 59% of the students using snuff reported that their peers used snuff were the cause triggered them to use snuff and 21% thought that stress was the cause.48.3% of students were using snuff more than three times/day. Two-thirds of the current snuff users had the desire to quit. 69% of the students thought that snuff is harmful and 9.7%thought that it is not harmful 7.8%thought that it is useful and 13%had no idea about the adverse effect. So, awareness of the adverse effects of such snuff habits was poor and intervention programs to curb snuff use are required.
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    Hormonal contraceptive as a risk factor in breast cancer in Radiation and isotope centre-Khartoum [Rick] {July –October 2008}
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Abd Alazeem, Mona
    Breast cancer is one of the hormone sensitive or hormone receptor positive cancer, about 80% of breast cancer once established ,rely on supplies of hormone estrogen to grow and suppression of the production of the estrogen in the body is the treatment of this cancer.The purpose of this study is to Find out the relationship between hormonal contraceptive and breast cancer , to identify the type of contraceptive used by women and carries risk for breast cancer, to find out the relation of the duration of contraceptive use in the breast cancer, to identify the other risk factors to breast cancer{ age-family history-source-residence-number of children-breast feeding},& To identify the most type of hormonal contraceptive use in sudan. The study was Hospital base analytic case control study done in Radiation &isotope centre –khartoum {Rick} on 176 females,half of them was breast cancer pt attended rick hospital from july- October 2008 &half of them was Females attended rick from july- October & have not breast cancer, the data was collected by interviewing questionnaire which contain age –source-residance- family history –using &the type of hormonal contraceptive-occurrence of symptoms related to breast during the using of hormonal contraceptive -regular breast feeding -&number of children as variables,the data was managed by the spss programme. Etically The concent was taken orally from each women given questionnaire. I conclude to that there is no relationship between the hormonal contraceptive & BC but when i split the data ifound that the coc had association with BC but progesterone had no association,there was no significant duration carried BC risk for coc nor for pop,.age-family history-number of children& duration of breast feeding had no significant results,but the residance had significant result&BC is high in people who live in the center,the coc is the most type of hormonal contraceptive used in the sudan. I recommend the women to use the pop or IUDs instate of coc,to have more child,to breast feed her children 24 monthes(2 years). For those who want to research in this topic I recommend them to take consideration to a history of trauma to the breast before getting BC& to history of BC during pregnancy.
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    Assessment of compliance of hypertensive patients to their treatment in referred clinics in the Khartoum state in period of 13\7 to 23\10
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) MAYADA, ABDELHALIME
    patient’s complince to therapy is it pharmacological or non-pharmacological ,is the key factor for controlling HTN.compliance involves not only taking the prescribed medcations but also adherence to follow -up appointments and maintaining the recommended life style modifications .furthermore ,the patient should be an active participant in the plan of care .patient’s knowledge of HTN and it’s complications is an important factor in achieving better compliance ,and hence control. In this study we assessed the level of compliance among hypertensievs in three teaching hospital in Khartoum state, & identified factors contributing to poor compliance. One hundred &eleven out patients were interviewed using pretested, structured, mostly closed ended questionnaire in KHARTOUM, ALSHAAB &OMDURMAN teaching hospitals in across sectional study. We found that %86 of HYPS had good compliance &the main cause of poor compliance is the forgetfulness (%53), Most of HYPS knew most of the complications of their disease,%56 of HYPS check up their BP regularly &the main cause of not checking is the absence of symptoms (%48), %87 of HYPS follow up with their doctors regularly &the main cause of not going to the doctors is the absence of symptoms (%36),Most of HYPS suffer from modifiable risk factors &they try to modify them, Sex, age, education, combination therapy& money, all these are factors that can affect compliance of HYPS. Based on the findings of this study ,there is a need for launching a comprehensive approach involving health care providers ,patients and the general public to educating patients on t he need to take their drugs regularly &in the manner prescribed &to check up their BP &follow up with their doctors regularly.
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    Effect of Saturday Vacation on Academic Performance of 5th & 6th Year Medical Students,university of Khartoum 2008
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Mustafa, Marwa
    This research studies the application of Saturday as weekend vacation as well as Friday and its effect on the students, it's descriptive community based study. The sample was taken from 5th and 6th year medical students in the University of Khartoum. Structured questionnaires was filled by 320 students taken by total coverage of the students available during data collection. 54% of them agreed with the vacation, 24% disagreed with them, 15% thought it's better to change the day and 7% couldn't prove now. the average hours of studying increased for 31% of the participants, and decreased for 47% percent and consistent for 22%. 77% said these changes have relation to vacation changes. It was physically of positive effect for 46% and socially positive for 41% and this is in line with the studies of the cabinet. The opinions and effects were better for 6th year student compared with 5th year student because of the decrease in the hours of studying expected as the timetable is not suitable for 92% of participants especially 5th year students. This study recommends the continuation with the vacation but with better ways of compensation, generally by increasing the effectiveness of the working hours more than quantity of them, raising the values of work and introduce monitoring methods and supervision with clear goals. For the collage; revising the timetable for better compensation by putting the lectures in suitable time for students and doctors or increasing the year length for better academic performance.
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    Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice towards Antibiotic Use Among Residents of Al Haj Yousf West
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Hassan, Sara
    Unnecessary antibiotic use is a documented risk factor for infection with resistant bacteria. The aim of this study is to assess current knowledge, attitudes and practice behavior towards antibiotic use among residents in Al Haj Yousf West , Khartoum state, Sudan.
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    Sickle cell anemia among patients attending selected hospitals in Khartoum state during 2008
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Ali, Mohammed
    Background - Sickle Cell is an inherited, chronic blood disease where the red blood cells become crescent shaped and function abnormally. When the blood cells become cresent/sickle shaped, they are unable to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to other cells. The Sickle Cell Disease results in anemia (low blood counts), episodes of pain and increased susceptibility to infections. Objectives - The aims of present study to determine the most common tribes and regions in Sudan affected by the sickle cell disease, the effect of consanguinity in the appearance of the disease, at which age the symptoms start to appear , the most common symptom start to appear as a first presentation , the most common presentations of sickle cell disease. To identify the precipitating factors of clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease . To determine rate of appearance of symptoms per year , if the socei-economical status can affect on the disease . the frequency of of hospitalization. To assess the effect of regular follow up on the rate of hospitalization and to identify the percentage of the patients whom are received folic acid ,antibiotics prophylaxis and vaccination against bacterial infections. Methods - Descriptive, cross sectional, community based study. The study time interval was during August and September 2008 . The data was collected by questionnaire giving information on patients have sickle cell disease confirmed by laboratory diagnosis; interview with questionnaire was made with 117 patients or their parents in case in younger children, and analyzed by using SPSS version 16 . Results - The study revealed that The most tribes are affected by sickle cell disease are those occupied the west part of sudan ; most common ones are mesaria (17%) ,rezagat (10 %) and zagawa (9%).the disease occur commonly in children whose parents are cousins (69.2%). The clinical presentation of the disease start to appear most commonly before age of sixth month (56.4% ),and Hand and foot syndrome the commonest one appear in the beginning (78.6%). The most common presentations are hand and foot syndrome84.6%,arthritis68.4 %,acute abdomen62.4% acute chest syndrome54.7% and osteomyelitis34.2% . cold is the most common precipitating factor 40% also dehydration12% ,fatigue10.3% , humidity 10.3% and infection 3.4%. The clinical manifestation occur commonly tow – five times per year37.6% .there is a strong reverse correlation between income the frequency the symptoms appearance per year this because those with low income live in rural area. Most patients enter the hospital more than five times 35.9% and there is no relation between regular follow up and appearance of the clinical presentation . and mostly all the patients are are taking folic as supplementary remedy 95.7 % and some patients received antibiotics asprophylaxis44.4% and a few had been vaccinated against bacterial infections15.4%. Recommendations - This study recommended that the parents must given a detailed informations about the disease and its clinical manifestations and must be teach how to cope them if they are appear , and to give special care to their child who is affected by disease , To let teachers and caregivers know about the child's illness. Help them understand what kinds of exercises and situations can be harmful to the child, and teach them to recognize signs of infection, to make the sickler’s clinics available in rural area and must be highly effective ,The medicines of sickler must be available are must be cheaper and to vaccinate sicklers against bacterial infections .
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    Knowledge ,attitude ,and practice towards HIV/AIDS among blood donors in KTH blood bank 28 July – 28 August 2008
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Taha, Ehab
    A hospital based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was undertaken among a group of blood donors in the setting of KTH blood bank to assess their knowledge attitude and practice towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A sample of 112 males of different age &socioeconomic groups formed the material for this study. Data was collected by well qualified questionnaire administered by personal interview technique. The study indicated that the general awareness about AIDS was very high, with 100% of the respondents having heard of AIDS and also identifying it as an important health problem in our country. Similarly ,a very high proportion of the subjects knew about the modes of transmission , especially sexual transmission(90%) though a much lesser proportion had the knowledge about transmission through blood and vertical transmission. A very large majority of the study population(80%) heard about HIV from media as well most of them think it is the most useful mean to educate people about HIV. The educational level of the participants appears to affect their knowledge and attitude towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection very much. the result s shows that the knowledge increases with the educational level table(1), for example only 33% of illiterate knew about sexual transmission whereas 100% of university educated knew about it, as well only 16% of illiterate knew about blood transmission whereas 87% of university educated knew it Table(2).the effect of the educational level is also apparent on the reaction towards HIV p.ts as 0% of illiterate though that they have normal rights &100% of them though that either they have to be isolated or they must be punished ;in comparison with university level 66% of them though that they have normal rights &the rest though that either they have to be isolated or they must be punished Table(4)
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    A STUDY ON THE AWARENESS OF MENOPAUSAL WOMEN ABOUT SYMPTOMS OF MENOPAUSE, ITS COMPLICATIONS AND HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN ALSAHAFA BLOCK 40
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Elniema, Gotoof
    This is a descriptive community based study conducted during the period between August and October 2008. The data was collected from 100 perimenopausal women residing Alsahafa block 40 in Khartoum State
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    Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients Presenting to Retina Clinic in Khartoum Eye Hospital During the Period from 2nd september to 2nd october 2008
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Mohammed, Raft
    Background: In Sudan 447,000 case of diabetes mellitus was figure estimated in 2000 and if no intervention strategies are adopted, WHO forecast that number to rise to 1,227,000 by the year 2030. One of the victims of DM is eyes if not managed properly and this is usually due to poor glyceamic control as a result of in proper knowledge and practice. Diabetic retinopathy is a common highly specific micro-vascular complication of both type of DM. based on prognosis of vision there are 2 types of diabetic retinopathy: proliferative and non-proliferative. Objectives: to assess the diabetic patients attending to retina clinic in K.E.H. during the period from 2th of September to 2nd of OCTOBER, aiming to describe the characteristic of the those patients in relation to diabetic retinopathy Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, the population is total coverage to all patients attending to the retina clinic, during the period of the study Results: All the diabetics patient had a visual defects 90% were diabetic & 10 % were non-diabetic .males had higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy than females, older people had higher incidence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy than females, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is more common type than proliferative diabetic retinopathy type, hypertension and smoking are risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, insulin users have a higher incidence for diabetic retinopathy
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    Mother awareness toward diarrheal disease in children in Burry area from July to October 2008
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Faisal, Mohd
    In Sudan diarrhea is one of the commonest cause of deaths in under 5 children local believes and cultural practices may influence treatment of childhood diarrhea. Objectives: the study was conducted to determine the knowledge regarding cause complication and danger signs of diarrheal disease. To elicit health seeking practice and management of acute diarrhea. To determine the home care practices of mother about children with diarrhea. To asses the knowledge of mothers about ORS and how to use it. Methodology: The study is a Descriptive cross sectional community based survey it toke place in Bury area is located in alkartoum state It has 5 neighborhood Bury alamab, almahas, aldaraysa, alsharef and abohashesh The population of the study include Mothers in bury area with at least one child under 5 Simple cluster sampling, 3 blocks from each neighborhood were chosen randomly and 9 mothers from each block a total of 127 mother with 158 child under 5 The data was collected using a designed Questionnaire and mothers were interviewed, And a check list for the question's on signs of dehydration and correct use of ors Results69% of mothers said that water could cause diarrhea, while 64% of mothers said that food could cause diarrhea, while 55% of mothers said that microbes could cause diarrhea. 57% of mothers take their child to the doctor, while 34% prefer home treatment and a minority go to traditional practitioners Most mother increase food, water, and milk intake during an attach respectively 65%, 76%, 53% 71% of mother used special types of food during an attach 59% knew the signs of dehydration 74% knew what ORS is, 56% used it, but 48% used it correctly. Recommendation this study showed that the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers is quit satisfactory
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    Emergency Caesarean Section in Women Attending Omdurman Maternity Hospital 2008
    (University of Khartoum, 2008) Nasr Eldin, Samah
    A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted to study the emergency caesarean section in women attending the Omdurman Maternity hospital in the period between 15Aug -15 September 2008. Informations were obtained from 150 women underwent the emergency c/s in Omdurman Maternity hospital in the period between 15Aug -15 September 2008 using a questionnaire and others were obtained from doctors in the hospital, then the data were analyzed using SPSS program and the result are:- 56.7% of Em c/s were created on younger women (<30 years), 32% of women are illternd and 34.7% are secondary school educated and only 18% of them are University educated. (80%) underwent the EM c/s are non employee (house wife), more than half of the women underwent the Em c/s (55.3%) have low socioeconomic stats (41.3%) ,most of the EM c/s (46%) were done on multigravida (1-4) ,most of women (84%) had regular antenatal follow up, (60%) had no previous obstetric or gynecological operation . The commonest indication was failure to progress 18% The majority of women who underwent the EM c/s (66%) had no complications, 28% had PPH, The majority of the neonates who were delivered by Emc/s had Apgar score of (8-10) . In conclusions most of Em c/s were created on women who have young age, multigravida and low socioeconomic and educational status. The most commonest indication of Emc/s was failure to progress followed by 2or more previous section in labour and feotal distress .Most of the emergency c/s were done by registrars with no complications and with good feotal outcome.