Vol. 7, No. 2, 1999

Permanent URI for this collection

http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/handle/123456789/1965

Browse

Browsing Vol. 7, No. 2, 1999 by Issue Date

Jump to a point in the index:
  • Item
    Effects of Irrigation Regime and Farm Yard Manure on Yield and Water Use of Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) on a Salt-affected Clay Soil A.H.A. Baraka, T.E.E.M. Hago and
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Mustafa, M.A.
    A field experiment was conducted in the University of Khartoum Farm at Shambat for two consecutive seasons (1994/95 and 1995/96) to investigate the effects of irrigation regime and farm yard manure (FYM) on yield, consumptive use and water use efficiency of lucerne in a salt-affected clay soil. The irrigation treatments consisted of irrigating after 8.3 (W1), 12.5 (W2) and 16.7 (W3) cm of water evaporated from a U. S. Class A Pan. These treatments were equivalent to 18.8, 37.5 and 75% of available water depletion, respectively. At each irrigation, the amount of water depleted was added. FYM was either not applied (control, 0F) or applied at a rate of 10 tons/ha (1F). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The irrigation treatments were designated to the main plots, whereas FYM treatments were allotted to the subplots. The results showed that irrigation treatments significantly (P = 0.05) affected yield, consumptive use and water use efficiency of lucerne, with the light and hence more frequent irrigation (W1) being the superior treatment. The aforementioned treatment increased green and dry forage yields by about 61% and 49%, respectively, in the first season, and by about 41% and 31%, respectively, in the second season in comparison to the heaviest treatment (W3). The influence of FYM on the studied parameters was slight and inconsistent. Some interactive effects were observed.
  • Item
    Adverse Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Leaf Extract on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) El Atta, H.A. ; Bashir, I.A.
    The effect of water extracts from fresh and dry leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn), obtained by water distillation, was tested against seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Extracted crude oil significantly (P< 0.001) reduced seed germination on blotters and in sand. The mean germination percentage on blotters was 100%, 20% and 0.0% in the control and dry and fresh leaf oil, respectively, whereas in sand it was 100%, 66% and 39.5% in the control and dry and fresh leaf oil, respectively. The crude oil also significantly (P<0.001) reduced seedling growth expressed in reduced number of leaves, leaf area and shoot length. The mean number of leaves/seedling was 2.54, 2.25 and 1.95, the mean leaf area was 5.12,3.15 and 2.33 cm2 and the mean shoot length was 19.81, 13.98 and 11.50 cm in the control and dry and fresh leaf oil, respectively. Oil extracted from fresh leaves was more effective than that from dry leaves. The effect was significantly correlated with oil concentration
  • Item
    Response of Banana Suckers to Foliar Application of Different Fertilizers
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Eltahir, F.H. ; Elamin, M.A.
    A study was carried out in 1992 to investigate the effect of foliar application of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient elements content of leaves of banana suckers grown under nursery conditions. Four foliar fertilizers, namely Foliar-X (10-7-8), Wuxal (10-10-7), Bayfoan (11-8-6) and Nitrofoska (10-2-6) were used. The suckers were sprayed ten times throughout the experimental period of five months at a concentration of 2.5 ml/L. Data on the following growth parameters were recorded: pseudostems height and girth (diameter), number of leaves and fresh and dry weights of leaves, pseudostems corms and roots. Leaf nutrients content was determined at the termination of the experiment. All foliar fertilizers resulted in significantly higher values of pseudostem height and girth, number of leaves and fresh and dry weights of different parts of banana suckers than the control. There were no significant differences in all growth parameters between Foliar-X and Wuxal and also between Bayfolan and Nitrofoska. The highest values were given by banana suckers sprayed with Foliar-X and the lowest by those sprayed with Nitrofoska. All foliar fertilizers resulted in significantly higher leaf- N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu contents than the control. These nutrient elements tended to vary depending on the type of the fertilizer used. Generally, the highest leaf-N, K, Ca Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn contens were found in Foliar-X-sprayed suckers followed by Wuxal-, Bayfolan- and then Nitrofoska- sprayed suckers. The highest leaf-Cu content was detected in the Wuxal- sprayed suckers.
  • Item
    Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Some Quality Attributes of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa L.) Under Irrigation .
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Hago, T.E.S. M. ; Osman, B.M.E.
    A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons (1994/95 and 1995/96) in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Shambat in order to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on some quality attributes of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa L.) under irrigation. The treatments consisted of four nitrogen levels (0, 20, 40 and 80 kg N/ha) and four phosphorus levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg P2O5/ha). Urea (46%N) and triplesuperphosphate (48%P2O5) were used as sources of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. The fertilizers were applied at sowing in bands 5 cm deep on one side of the ridge. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed that both nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased anthocyanin content in calices, with P having a greater effect than N on this character. However, calyx protein content was significantly increased by nitrogen only. On the other hand, nitrogen and phosphorus application resulted in a significant decrease in oxalic acid content in the calices. The effects of both nutrients on the quality attributes studied were manifested at the higher levels of the nutrients.
  • Item
    Yield Performance of Some Sudanese Sorghum Lines Selected for Recovery Resistance to the Spotted Stem Borer (Chilo partellus
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Laoata, T.B.M.A.
    This study was carried out at ICRISAT, under artificial stem borer infestation, with the following objectives: (1) to study the yield performance of some Sudanese sorghum lines selected for recovery resistance to C. partellus, by relating yield reduction to the extent of damage, and (2) to investigate the effect of season, i.e. post-rainy and rainy, on yield reduction due to attack by the stem borer. Eight sorghum lines were planted under rainy and post-rainy season conditions. The trials were laid as a split plot with three replications and three infestation levels (zero or no infestation, main stem infestation and main stem with tiller infestation). Under the post-rainy season conditions, when temperature was low, yield reduction was independent of dead-heart caused by the borer, whereas in the rainy season the effect of dead-heart formation on grain yield was pronounced. It is concluded that genotype, season and level of infestation have a role in modifying this relationship.
  • Item
    A Note on Culling of Dairy Cows in Elneshasheba Dairy Farm at Medani, Sudan
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Elimam, M.E. ; Ismail, M.H. ; Hamdalla, M.A.
    The records for 1994 cows and 973 lactating ones were collected from Elneshasheba Dairy Farm (for the period 1990-1997) to calculate the culling percentages and to identify the culling reasons for each year. The culling percentages and culling reasons varied from one year to the other. The average culling percentage for the lactating cows was 23.4% and for the herd 11.95%. The main reasons for culling were senility and low milk yield followed by the combined low milk yield and low fertility, damaged teats and low milk yield and bad temper.
  • Item
    Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Eggs
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Mohamadain, F.H. ; Musharaf, N.A. ; El Jack, B.H.
    This study was initiated to compare and contrast Guniea fowl (Numida meleagris) and domestic fowl (White Leghorn - Bovans) eggs, with regard to external and internal physical characteristics and chemical composition. A total of 50 fresh eggs were collected from the two species. Standard measures were used to determine physical and chemical characteristics. Guinea fowl's eggs were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in egg weight, egg length, and egg diameter than Bovans'. There were no significant differences in shape index, while the specific gravity, shell weight and shell thickness of Guinea fowl's eggs were significantly (P<0.01) higher. Yolk and albumen weights of Guinea fowl's eggs showed significantly (P<0.01) lower values, while the albumen height, Haugh units and membrane weight were not different. Guinea fowl's eggss tended to have a high percentage of egg yolk and eggshell and lower percentage of egg albumen than Bovans'. Albumen and yolk of guinea fowl's eggs were significantly (P < 0.05) lower. Ash, nitrogen-free extract and moisture content of eggs of the two breeds were similar. It is concluded that Guinea fowl's eggs have a lower quality compared to Bovans' eggs.
  • Item
    On the Biology of Bruchidius uberatus (Fahraeus) (Col., Bruchidae) a Seed-borer in Acacia nilotica
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) El Atta, H.A.
    Description of the various developmental stages of Bruchidius uberatus (Fahraeus) (= Bruchus baudoni Caillol) is reported. Egg hatchability and egg incubation period were significantly affected by season. The former was maximum in autumn (75%), followed by summer (52%) and least in winter (5%). The mean egg incubation period was significantly longer in winter (23 days) than in summer and autumn (11 and 10 days, respectively). Significantly higher percentage of larvae developed into pupae in autumn (87%) than in summer (37%) and winter (30%). Similarly, the season had significantly affected the frequency of pupae that developed successfully into adults. The maximum frequency occurred in autumn (92.6%), followed by summer (52%) and winter (34.6%).
  • Item
    Functional Properties of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus) Seed Protein Isolate
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Hassan, H.A. ; Nour, A.A.M. ; Ahmed, A.R.
    A protein fraction isolated from defatted watermelon seed (Citrullus lanatus) flour with 1.0 M NaCl was evaluated for its functional properties. The water retention capacity of the isolate (320 ml/100 g) was found to be similar to cottonseed protein isolate. The fat absorption capacity was 190 ml/100 g. The alkaline pH 11.3 gave the highest foam (89%) with optimum stability around the neutral pH 7. The emulsification capacity was highest at the acidic pH 2.2. Sodium chloride molarity affected foaming and emulsifying properties. Other functionalities such as formation of gels, wettability and bulk density are also reported. Watermelon seed protein isolate can be considered of great potential for incorporation into human food products not only as a dietary protein supplement but also a functional agent in different food systems.
  • Item
    Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Banana Plants
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan, 1999) Eltahir, F.H. ; Bakhiet, S.B.
    This study was initiated at Ganib Agriculture Scheme, Gezira State, in 1991 to investigate the effect of rates of N and K fertilization on growth and yield of banana plants grown under plantation conditions. Five rates of nitrogen and potassium in the form of urea and potassium sulphate, respectively, were used. The rates (in grammes) were designated N0 K0 (0.0, 0.0), N1 K1 (100, 200), N2 K2 (200, 400), N3 K3 (300, 600) and N4 K4 (400, 800). These rates were applied six times to the plant crop and four times to the first ratoon crop at specific intervals. The following parameters were recorded: pseudostem height and girth (diameter), number of leaves, number of days from planting to shooting and from shooting to harvesting, yield and its components. Plants receiving the lowest rate (N1 K1) gave higher increases in overall growth parameters (pseudostem height and girth and number of leaves) and yield and its components than the other rates. Application of the highest rate (N4 K4) resulted in the lowest values of all parameters. The number of days from planting to shooting (time of bunch shooting) of both plant crop and the first ratoon crop was increased as the rate of NK increased, and the number of days from shooting to harvesting (period of bunch maturation) was not influenced by the rates of NK applied.
  • Item
    Changes in the Functional Properties of Wheat Protein by Polysaccharide Conjugation or Transglutaminase Treatment
    ( 1999) Babiker, E.E ; Mohamed, B.E. ; El Tinay, A.H.
    Salt-soluble wheat protein was conjugated with galactomannan through the Maillard reaction or treated with transglutaminase (TGase). SDS-PAGE patterns of the conjugate and TGase-treated protein showed that both modifications resulted in proteins of higher molecular mass above the stacking gel in both protein and carbohydrate staining gels. Salt-soluble wheat protein was insoluble at pH 6, but after galactomannan conjugation, the protein solubility was greatly improved compared to TGase treatment. Galactomannan conjugated protein resisted heat induced aggregation even after being heated at 90°C for 20 min., while TGase-treated protein resisted heat-induced aggregation up to 80°C, after which it started to coagulate. The emulsifying properties of wheat were greatly improved after conjugation with galactomannan and slightly improved after TGase treatment.