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    2جغرافيا وتاريخ السودان
    (دار عزة للنشر والتوزيع, 2005) نعوم شقير
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    5minute frist aid for Children
    (London:British Red Cross, 1990) British Red Cross
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    Aspacts choisis de la vie en France
    (جامعة الخرطوم, 2013-07-14) الأمين, يونس
    Aspacts choisis de la vie en France
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    Assessment of the Immunogenic Potential of the Intermediate Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine Virus (D 78) in Broiler Chicks
    (Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2005) Ali, 1A.S ; Tabidi, 2M.H
    Abstract: The immunogenicity of the intermediate infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine virus (D- 78), which commonly used in Sudan, was determined in broiler chicks in this study. The vaccine was employed via three routes of application namely aerosol, intranasal and drinking water. Both agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the levels of antibody (Ab) responses in sera of vaccinated chicks. The results obtained showed that higher (P>0.05) levels of Abs were noted when the vaccine administered via aerosol route as compared to the intranasal and drinking water. The variation in the Ab levels among the chicks vaccinated with either the intranasal and drinking water using both tests was not significant ((P< 0.05). Following challenge of vaccinated chicks, the protection rates noted are correlated to the levels of Abs elicited. In conclusion, to achieve higher and protective immune status in chicks is recommended to apply the intermediate IBDV (D78) vaccine strain in broiler chicks via the aerosol route. AGPT can be used as a rapid qualitative test to determine the vaccine take among the chicks whereas ELISA should be used quantitatively to determine the levels of Ab responses in vaccinated chicks.
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    Be're'nice (1670)
    (University of Khartoum, 2013) salih, fatma
    Be're'nice 1670
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    Biochemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Aspects of Paraphenylenediamine (Hair Dye) Poisonong
    (University of Khartoum, 1996) Saad, H. A
    The systemic toxicity of PPD was investigated in Brown hisex chicks and Albino wisterrats, at different concentration through different routes of administration. PPD was introduced to chicks at doses 140, 105, 70 and 35 mg/kg bw. While rats received70,35, and 17.5 mg/kg bw of PPD. Death occur at doses 105, 140, mg/kg bw. in chicks and at doses 35 mg/kg bw in rats within 4 and 3 h respectively. Biochemical changesaccompanied PPD exposure include· elevated level in the activities of enzymes GOT,GPT, ALP, CPK, LDH and aldolase. In addition the concentrations of urea, uric acid, creatinine were elevated with marked reduction in total proteins level. Alterations in gulcose, cholesterol, K, Mg and Ca were also observed. Haemotological changes indicafe. the occurrence of anaemia. Lesions were seen in liver, kidney, cardiac and skeletalmuscles. There was clear alteration of hepatorenal and cardiac functions. Toxic effects of single sublethal dose of PPD was maximum at 24 h in rats and 72 h in chicks, subsequently changes approached normal values, but complete recovery wasnot attained up to 120 h after administration of PPD. Chronic administration of PPD in both species was associated with biochemical and histopathological changes that indicate clear dysfunction of liver and kidney. Haematological changes showed obvious anaemia. PPD was not detected in liver, kidney and heart. This may be due to the biotransformation of PPD to metabolites in the examined tissues. The pharmacology of PPD was investigated in a number of isolated preparations, frog rectus abdominus, rat uterus, rabbit aortic strip, rat stomach strip, rat ascending colon and rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. In lower doses PPD revealed neither agonistic nor antagonistic effect in these tissues. However in large doses the sensitivity of tissues to stimulant and relavant drugs was lost. This is most propably due to necrotic effect of PPD. In perfused rabbit the addition of PPD increased muscle contractility. Thiseffect was blocked by pre-addition of the antihistamine (chloropheniramine). The incubation of guinea-pig lung chops produced a substance(s) that contracr guinea-pig ileum. This stimulant effect was blocked by pre-addition of chloropheniramine. This indicates that PPD may release a histamine like substance from guinea-pig IUl:6 chops .
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    Black Carbon Aerosols Impact of Khartoum Petroleum Refinery at Khartoum State
    ( 2013-09-03) Ibrahim, A. S. ; Habbani, F. I.
    Since black carbon (BC) contributes directly and indirectly to the Earth’s radiation balance change and to adverse health effects, it is of interest not only for climate research, but also for urban and regional air quality studies. In this paper results are presented of a study that was made of the black carbon concentration due to the impact of Khartoum petroleum refinery emissions at Khartoum State. In order to measure the black carbon concentration in the atmosphere, a sample of air is drawn through a filter medium with portable MiniVol samplers and the stain produced is measured by a reflectometer. The results of study were statistically analyzed and compared with data found in the literature.
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    British images of the Arab
    (university of khartoum, 2015) hopwood, D.
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    British policy in the sudan,mekki shebeka
    (Oxford Universty, 1902-11-23) Mekki, Shibeika
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    christianity in the sudan
    (The national library -Amman, 1999) John, Gay
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    The CO/HO system reverses inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and prevents murine doxorubicin cardiomyopathy
    ( 2007) Suliman, Hagir B ; Ali, Abdelwahid S ; Carraway, Martha Sue ; Reynolds, Chrystal M ; Welty-Wolf, Karen E ; Piantadosi1, Claude A
    The clinical utility of anthracycline anticancer agents, especially doxorubicin, is limited by a progressive toxic cardiomyopathy linked to mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that the post-doxorubicin mouse heart fails to upregulate the nuclear program for mitochondrial biogenesis and its associated intrinsic antiapoptosis proteins, leading to severe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, sarcomere destruction, apoptosis, necrosis, and excessive wall stress and fibrosis. Furthermore, we exploited recent evidence that mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by the CO/heme oxygenase (CO/HO) system to ameliorate doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in mice. We found that the myocardial pathology was averted by periodic CO inhalation, which restored mitochondrial biogenesis and circumvented intrinsic apoptosis through caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor. Moreover, CO simultaneously reversed doxorubicin-induced loss of DNA binding by GATA-4 and restored critical sarcomeric proteins. In isolated rat cardiac cells, HO-1 enzyme overexpression prevented doxorubicin-induced mtDNA depletion and apoptosis via activation of Akt1/PKB and guanylate cyclase, while HO-1 gene silencing exacerbated doxorubicin-induced mtDNA depletion and apoptosis. Thus doxorubicin disrupts cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis, which promotes intrinsic apoptosis, while CO/HO promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and opposes apoptosis, forestalling fibrosis and cardiomyopathy. These findings imply that the therapeutic index of anthracycline cancer chemotherapeutics can be improved by the protection of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis.
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    Conflict Early Warning System for Sudan
    (Peace Researsh Institute,UofK, 2006-12) Eltayeb, HajAteya
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    the dash for khartoum
    (LONDON, 1892-03-02) G.A.HENTY, HENTY
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