Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/handle/123456789/18464

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Browsing Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering by Title

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    A 4-Stories Building Elevator Control System
    (UOFK, 2012-07) El-Hassan, Nemat Hassan Ahmed
    The purpose of this project is to design, program and build "prototype" 4-story building elevator control using PLC. The PLC used is S7200 with 14 inputs and 10 outputs. The elevator should operate in a power saving mode; therefore an intelligent design is used. The elevator control system is programmed in a ladder diagram format into the PLC. The operation of the programmed PLC is first tested in a computer environment using a simulation program "MICROwin" before wiring the PLC to the hardware "prototype". Some suggestions on how to extend this system to the control of more than four floors are also included.
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    A 4-Stories Building Elevator Control System
    (University of Khartoum, 2011) Omer, Hadeel Omer Dafa Allah
    This project is developed by using a Programmable logic controller (PLC) to control a 4-stories building elevator. The project system is running by calling each floor using the push buttons available at each floor and inside the car and the PLC would service your call as fast as possible. Floor sensors determine the current position of the elevator car and determine its direction (up or down). The program downloaded in the PLC determines whether the car would go up or down according to the last visited floor. As a result the car moves up and down according to the issued call and the last visited floor. After the program was tested a prototype developed and tested.
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    A. Solving The Thesis Defense Timetabling Problem Using Heuristic Methods
    (University of Khartoum, 2017) Albashir, Maha Ali Mohamed
    This project aimed to solve the problem of timetabling specifically Thesis Defense Timetabling problem. For many decades solving timetabling problems and producing an optimal solution was considered a hard problem, since producing manual timetables requires a lot of time and effort. Solving thesis defense timetabling problem requires scheduling of group of projects into sessions and rooms and assigning a number of teachers to them as a committee according to certain constraints. This problem is new to the literature and a little work is done in the area of thesis defense timetabling problem. For solving this problem, hyper-heuristic approach was used. Hyper-heuristics are considered as an improvement methodologies that control a set of low level heuristics during the search process. In this study, the performance of set of low level heuristics was evaluated along with three move acceptance methods to produce the better solution from all. The best solution resulted in considerable reduction of constraints violations. This hyper-heuristic has been tested using a real world data coming from University of Khartoum.
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    Analysis And Simulation Of Interference In Code Division Multiple Access (Cdma) Wireless System
    (University of Khartoum, 2005) Ahmed, Musa ELrayah ELemam
    To achieve the requirements of high capacity applications such as multimedia services, large coverage and large number of simultaneous users, CDMA IS-95 technology is designed. CDMA is the currently the most used technology in wireless communications and is also targeted for the third generation of wireless standards for its better spectral efficiency, better performance and easier base station placement compared to other technologies. CDMA system is interference limited and so must utilize some form of interference reduction in order to maintain an acceptable quality of services and capacity. Interference is related to important indicators of customer's satisfaction (grade of service). In this project interference in IS-95 CDMA cellular system is demonstrated, analyzed and computed using simulation (MATLAB) and analytical methods. The effects of changing number of users, processing gain, multipath delays and variance of noise on interference are investigated. The bit error rate (BER) of IS-95 CDMA is obtained by simulation. The expression of cell capacity in CDMA is given in the ideal case of perfect (APC), also expression is given in case of additional parameters.
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    Analysis of Power Systems Problems Using Power System Analysis Toolbox (Psat)
    (University of Khartoum, 2011) Osman, Mohammed Mahmoud Mohammed El-hag
    The Power System Analysis toolbox PSAT has been developed to assist in typical Electrical Power System Analysis. The one of the objectives of this project is to develop an educational toolbox for Electrical Power System students and lecturers in order to solve some of Power System problems: Power Flow Analysis, Voltage Stability Analysis and Transient Stability Analysis. All this kinds of problems consists of various methods of mathematical calculation which is difficult to perform by using manual calculation (formula and calculator). The existence of this educational toolbox will help the user to calculate the calculation become faster and easier. For this purpose, three power systems case studies were chosen to model for each type of problems, which were mentioned above The simulation results of the three case studies gained by PSAT were proved that the PSAT can be used reliably for education and researches purposes to solve electrical power system problems.
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    Analysis of the Performance of CDMA Correlation Reception under the Influence of Interference
    (UOFK, 2009-07) Hamad, Khalil Dawi Musa
    Wireless communications has undergone many developments especially in the early nineties when Code Division Multiple Access was introduced for commercial use. In the CDMA system the users are assigned all the bandwidth of the system all the time, and the accessing technique depends on the orthogonal codes assigned to each user. As number of users in the system begins to increase the orthogonality of these codes begin to reduce which deteriorates the performance of the system. This project aims to analyze the CDMA correlation reception under the influence of interference caused by multiple users accessing the system using non- perfectly orthogonal codes. The IS-95 CDMA system was modeled using MATLAB, and the number of users and the corresponding bit error rate BER were tested against the signal to noise ratio SNR. The results obtained were analyzed and discussed, and the optimum number of users for the designed model was stated
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    Android Navigation Software FOR Khartoum State
    ( 2014-04-21) ALBAKHEET, AHMED
    On recent days, location-aware navigation applications have developed over the years and become an essential part of any smartphone. These applications has exceeded their essential ability to display maps, to include many utilities like guiding the user turn-by-turn to his destination, search for addresses and many other features. Providing all these features on one application makes it a great and essential tool for the people life. In this project, android navigation software for Khartoum State is developed using agile technique. The application is able to display online maps of the whole world, display offline maps saved on phone storage, track the user current location and display route between start point and destination point on map regarding one of the three transportation modes (car, bicycle or pedestrian mode), in addition of providing good user interface and extra features. The project objectives have been met successfully; it passes 100% of the system test and some limitations occurred. The application can be improved to be used with a local map, and many features can be developed and included to the application in the future.
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    ANDROID NAVIGATION SYSTEM
    ( 2014-04-28) AZHARI, WAEL
    Android navigation system is application that uses smart phone based on android operating system to figure out the position and direction of the user in any place on the top of earth , This project aims to enable people to have an application that detect their position on a map and this by developing a navigator program . This navigator communicates with the server to get the map desired . the navigator have many functions like loading a map for online navigation mode , also for offline navigation mode , provide a compass to show the user's direction and Track the user location even if online or offline . The project's aims has been done successfully and the navigator was designed and implemented. The navigator was tested well and the results were good, the detecting of the position and tracking tested well , some limitations were discovered solved well.
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    Applications of Traffic Engineering Techniques in New Generation Networks
    (UOFK, 2005-07) Saad El-Dien, Mohamed Mamdouh Mohamed
    The momentum toward voice and data convergence, each with their own unique set of requirements, is driving the Internet to cope with new realities. On top of the traditional data traffic, the addition of Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), voice, store and forward messaging, multimedia traffic and real-time e-commerce applications to the infrastructure are pushing toward ever-higher bandwidth requirements, as well as the ability to guarantee that bandwidth. There for the need for a true multi-service network that can support multiple different applications via a single carrier arises. This network is the next generation network (NGN). Traffic engineering (TE) tools are designed to control the traffic flow through a network, offering services according to customers’ specific requirements while using network resources efficiently and economically. Carriers are using several mechanisms for TE. This project discusses and analyzes one of the most recent mechanisms called Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). First we studied the main features of this new mechanisms and its differences from the existing ones what it gives more to core network and how it can affect and support traffic engineering in IP networks. We then make a simulation program that simulates the operation of the MPLS network and we use this simulation to analyze the performance of the MPLS network in term of mean packet delay, throughput and lost packets. We also applied two mechanisms in the simulation network “Rerouting and re_optimization” as an example of traffic engineering features used in MPLS network. The network simulation was implemented using C++ language, reasonable results were obtained showing that MPLS has a good performance and flexibility to support next generation network.
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    Arabic Speech Recognition Using Hidden Markov Model
    ( 2014-04-27) Khalid, Sara
    The purpose of this project is to introduce an isolated word, speaker independent, speech recognition system for 15 word of Arabic language based on HMM, which receive input speech signal from user through microphone and read it from computer sound card to produce output text. The speech signal is applied to several processing units until the output text is produced, starting by converting the speech signal into digital form, then some techniques are applied to the digital signal to extract features from it by using the autocorrelation method for LPC (linear predictive coding) as a feature extraction technique; the cepstral coefficients are calculated from LPC coefficients and were weighted to enhance their features. Next, the parameterized speech signal was classified by using the concept of Vector Quantization which was built using the K-means algorithm. Then the output from the Vector Quantizer was recognized using the Hidden Markov Model from which the final recognized output was produced. A recognition accuracy of 98.6% is obtained when 14 observations per word is used for HMM training (multiple observation sequence concept). It is found that the recognition accuracy is directly affected by the model type (left right model with delta=2 accuracy=90% and for delta=3 accuracy=88.0556%) and the model size (number of states of the model, the best accuracy at 8 states). These results leads us to recognize the importance of training set preparation using multiple observation training and searching for the best model parameters so as to increase the recognition accuracy, minimizing the computation cost and increasing processing speed.
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    Arabic Speech Signal Processing Text-To-Speech Synthesis
    (University of Khartoum, 2011) Yousif, Mustafa Ibrahim
    Text-To-Speech synthesis (TTS) is one of the speech signal processing methods in which the ultimate goal is to produce as natural sounding speech as possible from arbitrary text. Arabic TTS synthesis has gained more attention in the near past for the educational and commercial fields and the support of the deaf-mute and visually and vocally handicapped. This report explains the methods and requirements for constructing a useful Arabic TTS synthesizer that generate a recognizable and acceptable quality speech. It also describes in details the concatenation method for constructing Arabic TTS synthesizer system in which the speech is produced using prerecorded speech units that are utilized by the system to produce concatenated speech. The system is developed in the visual C++ programming environment with many algorithms and functions to make it easy for future modifications and development. Lastly, Arabic TTS synthesizer is considered as intelligible; however, the system still requires further research and developments in many directions including handling various texts such as fractions, phone numbers, and mathematical and chemical equations which cannot be written in Arabic.
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    Arduino Based Heart Rate Monitoring And Heart Attack Detection System
    (University of Khartoum, 2017) Babiker, Duaa Elsayed Idris
    Heart rate is affected by body temperature, heat is an important indicator that needs to be monitored so that any abnormality can be detected early enough to allow treatment . The need for a portable device of a suitable size for the daily activities of the measurement and control of vital indicators. The aim of this project is to design and develop a device that continuously monitors the vital indicators, as it periodically measures heart rate and temperature. It also triggers an alarm in case the signal has been measured above or below predetermined values. In addition, it sends this information via Bluetooth technology to be displayed in the Andoroid application interfaces to be saved in the database files and retrieved upon request. In addition, the project aims to develop a common platform to provide a means of communication between the doctor and patient, where the doctor can see the patient's daily records.
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    Arduino Based Heart Rate Monitoring And Heart Attack Detection System
    (University of Khartoum, 2017) Ali, Noon Mohamed Mustafa
    In this thesis, we presented the design and development of an integrated device for measuring heart rate using Pulse sensor to improve estimating the heart rate. As heart related diseases are increasing day by day, the need for an accurate and affordable heart rate measuring device or heart monitor is essential to ensure quality of health. However, most heart rate measuring tools and environments are expensive and do not follow ergonomics. Our proposed Heart Rate Measuring device is economical and user friendly based on the principle of photo- phlethysmography. It measures the change in volume of blood through any organ of the body which causes a change in the light intensity through that organ. The goal of this thesis is design High-efficiency and low-cost device which measures the heart rate of the patient and detecting the heart attack by putting sensors on one of the fingers or at any spot on the body that the heart rate can be measured from, and then displaying the result on the serial monitor of the arduino programmer. Miniaturized heart rates monitor system based on Arduino nano microcontroller. It offers the advantage of portability over tape-based recording systems. The thesis explains how a Arduino nano microcontroller can be used to analyze heart beat rate signals in real-time. the Hardware and software design are oriented towards Arduino nano-based system, hence minimizing the size. The important feature of this project is the use PPG algorithm to calculate heart rate on real-time. It then processes to provide the information of heart rates and notified the user if the heart rate exceed the maximum allowable. Qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation of the device on real signals shows accuracy in heart rate estimation, even under intense of physical activity. We compared the performance of pulse sensor with digital heart rate monitor. The results showed that the error rate of the pulse sensor and temperature sensor are negligible.
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    ATM monitring system
    (University of Khartoum, 2009) عوض, امجد محى الدين بشرى
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    AUTOFOCUS FOR A DIGTAL CAMERA USING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
    ( 2014-04-21) FAIZ, AHMED
    The purpose of a camera system is to provide the observer with image information. A defocused image contains less information than a focused one. Therefore, focusing is a central problem in such a system. When the scene changes a lot it is desirable to perform focusing automatically to liberate the operator from this duty. In this thesis I present new method or new technique to obtain an autofocus system. This method is a passive method. It’s based on analyzing a captured image by the camera using frequency domain analysis. The analysis based on taking the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for the image to calculate the energy. This energy is a direct indication to the focus degree or the sharpness for that image. After calculating the energy, it sent to the controller using serial protocol. The controller drives a stepper motor which adjusts the camera lens according to the energy value. The project goals have been met successfully and the auto focusing system was designed and implemented using spectrum analysis.
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    Automated Medical Dispenser System
    (University of Khartoum, 2011) Mohammed, Afraa Abdulraheim Ahmed
    As people grow older, they depend more heavily upon outside support for health assessment and medical care. The current healthcare infrastructure in recent society is widely considered to be inadequate to meet the needs of an increasingly older population. One solution, called aging in place, is to ensure that the elderly can live safely and independently in their own homes for as long as possible. For achieving this purpose the Automatic health machines were involved. Automatic health monitoring is a technological approach which helps people age in place by continuously providing information and products. The implementation of Information and Communication Technologies in the pharmacies over the last decades has entailed the possibility of using automated decision support systems generating alerts to help pharmacists to identify medication related problems when dispensing prescriptions. The elderly and sick are typically prescribed several medications each with varying conditions such as dosage amounts and times to be taken. Having to cope with their present condition is already difficult enough without being burdened with keeping track of different medications and their parameters. Several products have attempted to solve this ever growing problem, but only the pill box has achieved mainstream success. It is a set of containers each with a day of the week on it. It requires the user every week to load the correct medication at the correct dosage into its daily container. This system is too reliant upon the user. Even if the medication is loaded correctly the user still has to remember to take the medication. The Automated Medication Dispenser System (AMDS) will significantly improve upon the pill box by dispensing up to five different medications, alerting the user when to take their pills through both audio and visual alarms, displaying the dosage amount, and displaying the medication names.
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    Automatic Control of kenana Irrigation System Using Wireless Communication
    (University of Khartoum, 2005) Ajib, Mohammad Eltayib
    The automatic irrigation system is an electrical system to control the repeating operation in the water canal distribution through the controlling of the canal gates along the canals to remote and monitor the water level and water flow into the canal, and the delivered water to the field at the specific time, the exact quantity and within the suitable environmental state. The objective of this system is to design an automatic irrigation system instead of the traditional system , The automation of irrigation distribution canals promises to improve water-delivery service to farms, reduce the operating cost, and improve distribution efficiency (i.e. reduce unaccounted for losses). From the name it is clear that this system include modern systems such as electrical and electronic instruments in addition to a communication system to connect these tools, also the newer system must be described by ease when it is under maintenance or operating. For designing for previous system, the simulation method (software) is used for representing the canal gate response to the water level of it before and after the canal gate with time step by using Matlab program, on the other hand a physical model (hardware and software using C language) is implemented with finding of sensors for measuring the two levels of water and then the controller gathers these information at a specific time to set a decision and then execute it by sending data to transmitter and from it to the receiver of the gate . The consequences that are obtained from assumption view for simulating the automatic irrigation system at this report; according to the base “make it simple”; these results prove the newer system may be replace the traditional irrigation system by using better electrical equipments
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    AUTOMATION OF KEHAILA EAST AGRICULTURAL SCHEME
    ( 2014-04-23) Mutasim, Mahmoud
    The purpose of this project is to control an irrigation canal gate by sending control messages from a sending device to a receiving end device, which passes these messages to an electronic circuit responsible for controlling the movement of the irrigation gate
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    AUTOMATION OF KEHAILA EAST AGRICULTURAL SCHEME
    ( 2014-04-22) MUSTAFA, ALLA ADDIN
    Agricultural projects have a huge importance and a high effect in the Sudanese economy. These projects have traditionally depended on the classical irrigation methods. Several economical and technological problems have been encountered in the classical irrigation methods. These problems made the classical irrigation methods unfeasible. Modern automated irrigation method is considered as a solution to the challenges facing the traditional methods. This project aims to solve the problems encountered in the classical irrigation methods. The main idea of the modern irrigation methods is the automation of the irrigation project; a partially automated system is designed utilizing a user interface, a communication media and a controller. An acceptable result has been reached solving the major problems facing the classical irrigation methods; therefore accomplishing the project objectives. In order to fully automate a system, it is required that data related to the crops planted to be available from the ministry of irrigation, including the quantity of water needed, water duration required, time of irrigation (day or night) …etc