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    1971 People Local Government Act in the Sudan an Examination Efficacy
    (University of Khartoum, 1976) Mohammed, Adam A.
    1971 People Local Government Act in the Sudan an Examination Efficacy
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    2-Butyl-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
    (University of Khartoum, 2009-05) Muna Ali
    In the title compound, C15H24O2, a natural dialkylresorcinol commonly named stemphol, the molecules are linked into C(6) and C2 2(4) chains and R4 4(16) rings by intermolecular O— H...O hydrogen bonds, creating molecular sheets parallel to the (010) plane. The alkyl chains are directed orthogonally away from these planes in almost complete extension
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    200BP1 Prototype Hanford Barrier Annual Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2004
    (University of Khartuom, 2016-04-17) Seedahmed, Gamal H. ; J. K. Linville ; J. M. Keller ; Andy Ward ; Civil and Environmental Engineering
    In FY 2004, monitoring of the prototype Hanford barrier focused on barrier stability, vegetative cover, evidence of plant and animal intrusion, and the main components of the water balance. Monitored water-balance components included precipitation, runoff, storage, drainage, and deep percolation. Precipitation in FY 2004 was 26 percent less than in FY 2003 but was still higher than normal. The seasonal distribution in precipitation was also different from the previous year with a 43-percent reduction in spring precipitation and a 46-percent increase in summer precipitation. The cumulative amount of water received from October 1994, through September 2004, was 2,559.58 mm on the northern half of the barrier, which is the formerly irrigated treatment, and 1,886.71 mm on the southern non-irrigated treatments. Water storage continued to show a cyclic pattern, increasing in the winter and declining in the spring and summer to a lower limit of about 100 mm in response to evapotranspiration. The 600-mm design storage has never been exceeded. Total drainage from the soil-covered plots range from 2.9E-4 mm to 0.22 mm or 0.003 6 0.004 percent of precipitation. Side-slope drainage was much higher at 20.9 6 2.3 percent of precipitation from the gravel and 18.6 6 5.1 percent from the riprap. There was no runoff from the barrier, but runoff from the BY tank farm following a thunderstorm in May eroded a 45-inchdeep channel into the structural fill at the toe of the riprap slope. Above-asphalt and below-asphalt moisture measurements show no evidence of deep percolation of water. Topographic surveys were conducted on the barrier surface, including the two settlement gauges and 12 creep gauges on the riprap slope using aerial photogrammetry (AP) and a global positioning system (GPS). Comparing the aerial photogrammetry (AP) and global positioning system (GPS) surveys with the traditional survey shows the barrier and side slopes to be stable. Both AP and GPS show potential for considerable cost savings without any loss in accuracy. A relatively high coverage of native plants still persists after the initial revegetation in 1994. The formerly irrigated treatments continue to show greater cover of grasses and litter than the non-irrigated treatments. On the formerly irrigated treatments, the mean cover class was 25 to 50 percent for both grasses and shrubs. On the non-irrigated treatments, the mean cover class was 5 to 25 percent from grasses and 25 to 50 percent for shrubs. Species diversity of the vegetative community appears to have stabilized over the past several years. In addition to 12 of 17 species present in 2003 being present in 2004, two additional species were encountered. Sagebrush continues to flourish with shrubs along the perimeter showing higher biomass yield than the interior shrubs. There is evidence of sagebrush seedlings recruitment but not of rabbitbrush; the presence of gray rabbitbrush appears is declining as the barrier surface continues to stabilize. Use of the barrier surface by insects and small mammals is also evident. Small mammal burrowing on the barrier surface has become more prevalent in recent years, suggesting that the restored barrier surface is beginning to function as a recovering ecosystem. Small-mammal burrowing on the top and sides of the barrier is most prevalent on the finergrained and disturbed soils while active ant mounds were observed on the northern and western slopes.
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    2016 Young Saudi Females and Social Media advertising an Empirical Study
    (University of Khartoum, 2016) Mansour, Ilham Hassan F.
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    27th World Veterinary Congress
    (University of Khartoum, 2002) Karar, Abdelrahim
    27th World Veterinary Congress
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    3-D GIS an Urban Planning for University of Khartoum Master plan
    (UOFK, 2014-05) Ibra, Sami ; Rabih,Abdalrahman ; Osman,Badreldin Taha ; Geographical and Environmental Sciences
    In city planning managing the third dimension is becoming a necessity. Using 3D GIS modeling within a GIS environment offers a flexible interactive system for providing the best visual interpretation because it aids the planning and decision-process. Previous 3D virtual models did not have to be completely accurate. It did need to be a relatively accurate representation of the true simulation of reality. The main objective of this research and by using ArcGIS Desktop and ArcGIS 3D Analyst is to build a master plan for the University of Khartoum campus to better understand and organize its utilities infrastructure to find a suitable procedure for acquiring geospatial information and makes it, accessible to administration, visitors, and students. Another objective in this study is to explore the capabilities of current technology software such as ArcGIS to link the spatial information about the building features and utilities within the map. In addition, this paper discurses the methodology and implementation steps which build a unified geospatial information system that can be used as an interactive system that supports planning decisions. The results the importance of campus planning as a focus in this work in order to demonstrate the effective use of 3D GIS modeling in the decision making process, a way to very quickly communicate ideas that help to make better decisions. The conclusion showed that the 3DGIS enable users to visualize complicated urban planning information in the 3D way, to evaluate the allowable capacity of the block and to simulate building plans. With visualization and analysis capability, 3D-GIS are considered a powerful tool to solve various issues which modern cities confront.
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    34 Environmental Acquisition of inductive Bi-conditional Reasoning Skills : Training of simultaneous &Sequential processing.
    (university of khartoum, 2006) ElZubeir, Zeinab
    One hundred forty-four second-university students( Bio-medical engineering &Electronic engineering, University of Medical science and Technology(UMST) ) received training on one of three processing methods : coding-mapping (simultaneous), coding only, or decision tree(sequential) .Then they learned a bi-conditional rule under one of eight transfer test conditions based on a 2 ( paradigm: rule Vs complete learning) x (memory aids: 0 Vs 4)x2 ( focus instance: presence Vs absence ) design. Although the coding-mapping students processed concept instances in much the same way as the coding only students ,they acquired the target rule more frequently & they processed instances more quickly &more consistence than the decision –tree students . The observed ordinal of the responses of four truth-table classes was found to be more consistent with the simultaneity than with the sequential hypothesis .As expected training interacted with paradigm & also with memory aids & focus instance . The induced simultaneous processing strategy apparently works optimally under rule learning ,while the sequential strategy is difficult to induce &-or not optimal for rule- environmental learning operations
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    5D3→7FJ emission of Tb doped sol–gel silica
    (University of Khartoum, ) Seed Ahmed, Hassan Abdelhalim Abdellhah ; Odireleng Martin Ntwaeaborwa ; M.A. Gusowski ; J.R. Botha ; R.E. Kroon
    Amorphous silica samples doped with 0.1 and 1 mol% of terbium (Tb) were synthesized by the sol–gel method. In addition to the green light associated with 5D4-7FJ transitions of Tb3þ, the sample containing 0.1 mol% also emitted blue light as a result of 5D3-7FJ transitions during photoluminescence (PL) measurements. As a result of concentration quenching this blue emission was not observed for the samples doped with the higher concentration (1 mol%). However the blue 5D3 -7FJ emission was observed in the 1 mol% doped samples during cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. Since a rough calculation indicated that the excitation rate in the CL system where the blue emission is observed may be similar to a laser PL system under conditions where the blue emission is not observed, the difference is attributed to the nature of the excitation sources. It is suggested that during the CL excitation incident electrons can reduce non-luminescent Tb4þ ions in the silica, substituting for Si4þ ions, to the excited (Tb3þ)* state and that these are responsible for the blue emission, which does not occur during PL excitation
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    The 5q31 Region in two African populations as a Facet of Natural Selection by Infectious Diseases
    (UOFK, 2015-11-15) Ibrahim, Muntaser E. ; Mohamed, Hiba S. ; ; Molecular Biology
    Cases of extreme natural selection could lead either to rapid fixation or extinction of alleles depending on the population structure and size. It may also manifest in excess of heterozygosity and the locus concerned will be displaying such drastic features of allele change. We suspect the 5q31 in chromosome 5 to mirror situation of such extreme natural selection particularly that the region encompasses genes of type 2 cytokine known to associate with a number of infectious and non infectious diseases. We typed two sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) in two populations: an initial limited set of only 4 SNPS within the genes of IL 4, IL 13, IL 5 and IL 9 in 108 unrelated individuals and a replicating set of 14 SNP in 924 individuals from the same populations with disregard to relatedness. The results suggest the 5q31 area to be under intense selective pressure as indicated by marked heterozygosity independent of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD); difference in heterozygosity, allele, and haplotype frequencies between gener ations and departure from Hardy–Weinberg expectations (DHWE). The study area is endemic for several in fectious diseases including malaria and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Malaria caused by Plasmodium falci parum, however, occurs mostly with mild clinical symptoms in all ages, which makes it unlikely to account for these indices. The strong selection signals seems to emanate from recent outbreaks of VL which affected both populations to varying extent.
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    AAAID Adopting Precision Farming Technology to Improve Farm Management at the Rain-fed Sector in Sudan
    (University of Khartoum, 2003) Malik, Nasr Malik
    Precision farming (PF) is a product of a variety of technical and economical aspects of agriculture. It is an approach that allows more efficient use of inputs and outputs. It improves management system, diagnoses crop problems, and increases equipment efficiency, optimizes profit, and minimizes environmental impact. Application of PF is becoming of increasing importance and its availability increased by recent technological development in positioning, sensing and control systems such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development (AAAID) has a growing reputation as a leader in adopting and promoting modern agricultural technologies into the Arab countries. AAAID has introduced a full package of zero-tillage system as a substitute for the traditional farming system at Agadi (one of AAAID’s activities in the rainfed sector in Sudan). The system was implemented in 2000 at a large experimental trial followed by a pilot farm in year 2001 and 2002. A considerable improvement in yield of cotton, sunflower and sorghum was achieved. Along with such system, AAAID is intending to adopt PF in 2003 at Agadi. This is based on a demonstration trial where a yield base map was generated with the Global Positioning Systems at harvesting time for a sorghum field at Agadi. This article addresses a brief background about the PF, its rational at Agadi and the AAAID’s master plan of its adoption
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    Abdella, Gamma, the Tribal System and its Role in the Maintenance of Security, Administration, Reconciliation and the Judiciary,
    (u, 1995-01) Abdelslam, Mohamed
    • This conference paper highlights that many legislations were issued entrusted tribal leaders with some judicial powers such as the 1922 Chiefs Powers Act (enacted on 12/06/1022) and 1927 Local Government Act. The main reason behind enactment of these laws is that the 1924 National Revolution in Sudan has caused the British colonial administration to create, as a matter of urgency, an alliance and support native administration so as to pre-empt any alliance between native administration with the growing nationalist movement in Sudan against the colonial rule. The 1951 Local Government Council Act was also issued to realize the aforementioned purpose. • The author has argued that one of the main advantages of native administration is that it is regarded as a cheap policing entity with deep knowledge of the society’s customs and traditions in a vast country such as Sudan. The author, however, has argued that the tribal system is waning gradually and tribal 'elites' have only maintained public relations and their legitimacy confined to consultative roles rather than having an effective power. As a result, the author argues that the tribal system shall be revisited and reviewed. A special focus was also given to judicial role of native courts which perform judicial duties under the supervision of the formal judiciary. The author also questioned the dual role played by native administration which combines both administrative and judicial roles.
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    Abdominal wall Mycetoma: an Unusual Presentation
    (Elsevier, 2015-11-29) Fahal, Ahmed H.
    Three cases of abdominal wall mycetoma in Sudan, caused by Streptomyces somaliensis, presenting as renal and retroperitoneal masses and a desmoid tumour, respectively, are reported
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    Abelian-Higgs and Vortices from ABJM: towards a string realization of AdS/CMT
    (University of Khartoum, 2016-05-04) Mohammed, Asadig ; Jeff Murugan ; Horatiu Nastase
    We present ans atze that reduce the mass-deformed ABJM model to gauged Abelian scalar theories, using the fuzzy sphere matrices G . One such reduction gives a Toda system, for which we nd a new type of nonabelian vortex. Another gives the standard Abelian-Higgs model, thereby allowing us to embed all the usual (multi-)vortex solutions of the latter into the ABJM model. By turning o the mass deformation at the level of the reduced model, we can also continuously deform to the massive 4 theory in the massless ABJM case. In this way we can embed the Landau-Ginzburg model into the AdS/CFT correspondence as a consistent truncation of ABJM. In this context, the mass deformation parameter and a eld VEV h i act as g and gc respectively, leading to a well-motivated AdS/CMT construction from string theory. To further this particular point, we propose a simple model for the condensed matter eld theory that leads to an approximate description for the ABJM abelianization. Finally, we also nd some BPS solutions to the mass-deformed ABJM model with a spacetime interpretation as an M2-brane ending on a spherical M5-brane
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    ABN-African Resource-ACNRND08 future
    (University of Khartoum, 2016-04-26) Seidi, Osheik
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    ABN-OxfordProgramme-R6S-B
    (University of Khartoum, 2016-04-27) Seidi, Osheik
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    Abnormal Proteins In Primary Breast Cancer Tissues From 25 Sudanese Patients.
    (European Journal of Inflammation, 2015-12-28) Ahamed, M.E. ; Ahmed, M.E. ; Eltoum, A.M. ; Altahir, G.O. ; Ahmed, K.M. ; Harbi, S.O. ; Stansalas, J. ; Mohamed, A.O. ; Department of Biochemistry
    This study was designed to compare antigen content of normal with cancerous breast tissues from Sudanese patients. Fifty tissue samples (normal and cancerous) from 25 Sudanese patients with primary breast cancer were analyzed for their protein content using 2D PAGE, and for protein identification using LC/MS and nr.fasta data base search. Four proteins were found in the cancerous tissues which were absent from the normal tissues of the same patients: thioredoxin mutant D60n, Chain A, X-ray crystal structure of human galectin -1, rcTPM3 and a truncated isoform-2 of beta tropomyosin spots. The thioredoxin mutant is a protein with 105 amino acids and is characterized by the fact that Asp 60 is replaced by Asn. The Chain A, X-ray crystal structure of human galectin-1 is a synthetic mutated protein with 134 amino acids, cysteine 16 is replaced by unknown amino acid (X). The rcTPM3 is a fragment of tropomyosin-3 with 247 amino acids. The truncated beta tropomyosin is isoform 2 with 257 amino acids. Primary breast cancer tissues from Sudanese patients are characterized by abnormal proteins which are undetectable in the normal tissues. These proteins can be used, as a target for drug therapy, for diagnosis and in vaccination trials.
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    ABO Blood Group System and Placental Malaria in an Area of Unstable Malaria Transmission in Eastern Sudan
    (Malaria Journal, 2016-01-05) Adam, I. ; Babiker, Saud ; Mohmmed, Ahmed A. ; Salih, Magdi M. ; Prins, Martin H. ; Zaki, Zaki M. ; Department of Histopathology and Cytology
    Background: Understanding the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy and its consequences for both the mother and the baby is fundamental for improving malaria control in pregnant women. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the role of ABO blood groups on pregnancy outcomes in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. Methods: A total of 293 women delivering in New Half teaching hospital, eastern Sudan during the period October 2006–March 2007 have been analyzed. ABO blood groups were determined and placental histopathology examinations for malaria were performed. Birth and placental weight were recorded and maternal haemoglobin was measured. Results: 114 (39.7%), 61 (22.1%) and 118 (38.2%) women were primiparae, secundiparae and multiparae, respectively. The ABO blood group distribution was 82(A), 59 (B), 24 (AB) and 128 (O). Placental histopathology showed acute placental malaria infections in 6 (2%), chronic infections in 6 (2%), 82 (28.0%) of the placentae showed past infection and 199 (68.0%) showed no infection. There was no association between the age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.45–2.2; P = 0.9), parity (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–1.2; P = 0.1) and placental malaria infections. In all parity blood group O was associated with a higher risk of past (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.2; P = 0.01) placental malaria infection. This was also true when primiparae were considered separately (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.05–6.5, P = 0.03). Among women with all placental infections/past placental infection, the mean haemoglobin was higher in women with the blood group O, but the mean birth weight, foeto-placental weight ratio was not different between these groups and the non-O group. Conclusion: These results indicate that women of eastern Sudan are at risk for placental malaria infection irrespective to their age or parity. Those women with blood group O were at higher risk of past placental malaria infection.
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    Abovegronnd Wood Weight and Volume Relationships for Aca'c/a seya/ in Eastern Sudan
    (University of Khartoum, 2003) ElSiddig, Elnour
    The contribution of Acacia seyal natural stands in energy supply was discussed. The need for derivation of tree weight equations was indicated and equations were developed for determination of weight of standing timber and net weight, after felling and crosscutting, based on 127 sample trees. These equations are useful for inventory of Acacia seyal natural forests and estimation of weight contents of wood. Moisture content was determined for green and airdry conditions and expressed as percent of ovendry weight. Green, airdry and ovendry weight content in tonnes were also related to solid and stacked volume in cubic meter. Conversion factors .were worked out to convert green stacked wood to airdry and ovendry weight.
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    Absence of K13 gene mutations among artesunate/sulfadoxine– pyrimethamine treatment failures of Sudanese Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Damazin, southeast Sudan
    (University of Khartoum, ) Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid ; Maazza Hussien ; Niven M. Mohammed ; Elfatih M. Malik ; Mohamed E. Ahmed ; Abdelrahim O. Mohamed ; Walla M. E. Abdallah
    Background: The emergence of resistant parasites to artemisinin poses a threat to malaria treatment. The study aimed to investigate K13 gene mutations in Plasmodium falciparum artesunate (AS)/sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) efficacy study in Sudan. Methods: A total of 31 (14 failures and 17 adequate clinical and parasitological response [ACPR]) pretreatment dried blood samples from patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria treated with AS/SP were examined. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the K13 gene was performed. Results: PCR products were obtained from 30 (96.8%) samples and sequencing was successful in 28 (90.3%). No mutation of the K13 gene was recorded in the treatment failure group. A single mutation (C>T; A621V) in one ACPR patient sample was detected. Conclusion: There is no evidence of K13 mutation among AS/SP treatment failure patients. A single mutation of the K13 gene not linked to treatment failure has been detected.
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    The Absorptive Capacity of Sheep Omasum is Modulated by the Diet
    (uofk, 2015-03-05) المعتمد, اسامه
    The omasum is an important site of water and electrolyte absorption in the proximal part of the digestive tract1,2,3,4. Feeding regimes influence mineral and electrolyte transport across the rumen epithelium. All transport mechanisms of electrolytes - so far studied - are Significantly higher in epithelia from concentrate fed sheep. Corresponding studies with tissues from the omasum are not known despite its important absorptive capacity. The aim of the present study has therefore been to examine the effect of diet on transport of Na", SCFA and of HC03- across the isolated omasal epithelium of hay-fed and concentrate-fed sheep. Animals and diet: Sheep with a body weight of30 - 50 kg were fed two different dietary regimens: (a) hay ad libitum or (b) 800 g concentrate diet in equal portions at 7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., plus hay ad libitum. The animals were fed on these diets at least three weeks before being slaughtered. Water and lick-stones were available ad libitum. Isolation of epithelia and in vitro incubation. Na transport: The omasal epithelium of hay-fed animals exhibits an net transport ofNa in mucosalserosal direction.