Department of Sociology and Social Anthoropology
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Itemالتنافس على الموارد والتكيف وسط الرعاة بمنطقة المصورات الصفراء الأثرية بولاية نهر النيل(University of Khartoum, 2019-12)مستخلص هدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على قضية التنافس على الموارد بين مجموعات الرعاة بمنطقة المصورات الصفراء بولاية نهر النيل والتي تتميز بكونها إحدى أهم المناطق الأثرية بالسودان المدرجة ضمن قائمة التراث العالمي لليونسكو. اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي والتاريخي مع طرق كيفية لجمع البيانات ميدانيا عن طريق الإقامة وسط مجتمع البحث، حيث تم تدوين الملاحظات الميدانية بجانب إجراء المقابلات المعمقة مع الإخباريين وعقد جلسات الحوار البؤرية مع مجموعات محلية. توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج أهمها أن البيئة الطبيعية تلعب دورا مهماً في وجود هذه المجتمعات بالمنطقة للاستفادة من الموارد المائية والمراعي في فصل الخريف في شكل هجرة دائرية موسمية. كما وجد البحث أن ظهور العمل في حقل الآثار سبب رئيس في استقرار هذه المجموعات بالمصورات خاصة في فترة عمل البعثات الآثارية كونه يمثل فرصة للحصول على عمل يغني الأفراد عن بيع جزء من القطيع للحصول على الاحتياجات الرئيسة للأسرة. كما توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة عكسية بين معدلات الأمطار السنوية وزيادة حدة التنافس بين السكان المحليين على العمل مع البعثة الآثارية بالمنطقة الأمر الذي يفسر لجوء السكان لإستراتيجية تكيف مع الأوضاع البيئة المتغيرة من أجل ضمان موارد معيشية مناسبة. توصل البحث أيضا إلى وجود توافق بين العمل مع البعثات الآثارية وتوفر فائض عمالة لدى الأسرة الرعوية؛ ذلك أن موسم العمل في حقل الآثار يكون دائما في فصل الشتاء أي الفترة التي لا يمثل فيها سقي القطيع هاجسا كبيرا بالنسبة للرعاة وبالتالي يوفر القطاع الرعوي فائض عمالة يتم استيعابهم في حقل الآثار. كما كشفت الدراسة عن وجود عملية إعادة تنظيم للعمل داخل الأسرة التي يتم استيعاب أحد أفرادها من قبل البعثة حتى لا تتضرر الأسرة في أي من أنشطتها. يوصي البحث بضرورة وجود تنسيق بين كافة الجهات الفاعلة ذات الصلة بقطاع الآثار والحكم المحلي والولاية من ناحية والمجتمع المحلي من ناحية أخرى. كما أوصت الدراسة أيضا بأهمية بذل السلطات الحكومية جهدا في تطوير السياحة وتطوير الصناعات اليدوية المحلية التي تجيدها النساء خاصة الأمر الذي يؤدي لتوفير المزيد من فرص كسب العيش للسكان المحليين. The research aimed at shedding light on the competition over resources between groups of pastoralists living in the area of Musawwarat As-Sufra in River Nile State which is one of the most important archaeological sites in Sudan that has been registered in UNESCO's list of international heritage. In this context, several key-questions were raised pertaining to the impact of the competition over natural resources and work opportunities in the field of archaeological excavation on the relationship between local inhabitants and on the type of interaction between them and archaeological missions and how that influences their ways of living. The research depended on descriptive and historical methods and used qualitative data collection tools to gather information through participant observation, in-depth interviews with key informants and focus group discussions. The research has several findings the most important of which is that the natural environment plays a crucial role in the existence of these communities in the region that benefit from water resources and grazing in the rainy season by way of seasonal migration. The research found that the availability of work opportunities in archaeological sites is a major reason for the settlement of these groups in Musawwarat especially during the presence f archaeological missions because they offer work opportunities thus sparing the workers the sale of animals in order to satisfy basic needs for their families. The research also revealed that there is inverse relationship between annual rainfall and the degree of competition over work opportunities provided by the archaeological mission in the area for local inhabitants. This explains why inhabitants resort to a strategy of adaptation with changing environmental conditions in order to ensure better living conditions. The study also found that because the season of archaeological work is always during winter when herd watering does not pose a big problem nomadic sector is able to provide an additional manpower for archaeological excavation. The research also found that families tend to reorganize their labour if one of its members is involved in the mission's work thus avoiding any adverse effect on any of its activities. The research recommends that coordination is necessary between all actors concerned with the archaeological sector, local government, and the state on the one hand and the local community on the other. The study also recommended the necessity of making more efforts by government authorities to develop tourism and local handicrafts made by women which will avail more livelihood opportunities to the local inhabitants.
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Itemمعوقات الممارسة المهنية للأخصائي الاجتماعي في المجال الطبي (حالة المستشفيات الحكومية بولاية نهر النيل)(جامعة الخرطوم, 2020-10)يهدف هذا البحث إلى كشف ومعرفة معوقات الممارسة المهنية للأخصائي الاجتماعي في المجال الطبي باعتبار أن الأخصائي الاجتماعي له دور في الحقل الطبي عموماً وفي المستشفيات على وجه الخصوص. وتهدف أيضاً إلى التعرف على نظرة الفريق الطبي للأخصائي الاجتماعي، وواقع الممارسة المهنية للأخصائي الاجتماعي في الحقل الطبي. اتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي ودراسة الحالة وتم تطبيق المنهج من خلال عينة عشوائية بسيطة وإجراء مسح شامل لكل الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين باعتبار أنهم وحدة الدراسة الأساسية، واستخدمت الدراسة الاستبيان والمقابلات ومجموعات النقاش والملاحظة كأدوات لجمع البيانات، وتم تطبيق هذه الدراسة في المستشفيات الحكومية بولاية نهر النيل. توصل البحث إلى العديد من النتائج منها أكد أغلبية المبحوثين على أهمية الخدمة الاجتماعية وأهمية وجود الأخصائي الاجتماعي بالمؤسسات الطبية، بالإضافة إلى عدم وجود وصف وظيفي لعمل ومهام واختصاصات الأخصائي الاجتماعي، وعدم وجود نظام يدرج الخدمة الاجتماعية من ضمن الأقسام والتخصصات الأخرى من حيث متابعة العمل ورفع التقارير داخل المؤسسات الطبية. يوصي البحث بالعمل على إدخال تخصص الخدمة الاجتماعية في المؤسسات التعليمية الجامعية المختلفة في السودان وإنشاء قسم خاص بالخدمة الاجتماعية في كافة المؤسسات الطبية بالإضافة إلى توفير مكاتب للأخصائيين وتنظيم القسم تنظيماً يضمن وجود أماكن مهيأة لمقابلة المرضى ووضع لوائح وقوانين تنظيم العلاقة بين الفريق الطبي والأخصائي الاجتماعي. Abstract Research title: Obstacles of the professional practice of the social worker in the medical field (case study: The government hospitals in the River Nile state). Name of student:Khawla Mustafa Abdalraheem Hassan Degree: Master of social work This research aims at revealing and investigating the constraints of the social worker professional practice in the medical field, considering that the social worker has a role in the medical field in general and in the hospitals, in particular. It also aims at knowing the medical team views for the social worker, and the reality of the professional practice of the social worker in the medical field. This research adopted a descriptive approach beside the case study method. It was applied through a simple random sample and conducting a comprehensive survey of all the social workers in the government hospitals at the River Nile state on consideration that they constitute the basic unit of the study. The research also used the questionnaire, interviews, discussion groups and the observation as tools for the data collection. The research arrived at several findings, among them: most of the interviewees confirmed the importance of the social service and the importance of the existence of the social worker in the medical corporations. There is the lack of any job description of the duties, tasks and competence of the social worker, and the non-existence of a system for enlisting social service within the other departments and specializations in terms of the follow up of the work and reporting within the medical corporations. The research reached to several recommendations and important among them is to strive to include the social service specialization into the various collegiate educational institutions in the Sudan, to establish a department for the social service into all the medical corporations, in addition to the provision of offices for the social workers, and to organize the department in a way which will ensure the existence of places that are prepared for meeting the patients, and laying down regulations and laws for organizing the relation between the medical team and the social worker.
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Itemتقييم فعالية مشروعات وبرامج الاعتماد على الذات المقدمة للاجئين في معسكر الشجراب، شرق السودان(جامعة الخرطوم, 2021)مستخلص عنوان البحث: تقييم فعالية مشروعات وبرامج الاعتماد على الذات المقدمة للاجئين في معسكر الشجراب، شرق السودان اسم الطالبة : ريان مصطفى فكي على الأمين الدرجة: ماجستير الخدمة الاجتماعية يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على برامج الاعتماد على الذات المقدمة للاجئين في معسكر الشجراب احد معسكرات اللاجئين في شرق السودان ، لمعرفة مدى فعالية برامج الاعتماد على الذات في تخفيف الفقر وتحسين الوضع المعيشي للاجئين داخل المعسكر ؟ من خلال عدة مقاييس وهي : الفاعلية ، الأثر على الفقراء ، الاستدامة ، الابتكار . استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للظاهرة قيد البحث والمنهج التقويمي لتحليل البيانات المتحصل عليها من العينة العشوائية . توصل البحث لعدد من النتائج أهمها : فشل برامج الاعتماد على الذات في توفير مصدر دخل دائم للاجئين ولم تعمل على تحسين أوضاعهم المعيشية وفق أهداف البرنامج ، وذلك نتيجة لعدة تحديات واجهت هذه البرامج وهي : التكلفة بالنسبة للمستفيدين ، الظروف الاقتصادية للبلاد ، السياسات والقوانين الخاصة باللاجئين بالإضافة إلى موقع المعسكر . وبناء على هذه النتائج تقدم الباحث بعدد من التوصيات منها : العمل على تحسين القوانين والسياسات الخاصة باللاجئين داخل السودان ، العمل على تلبية الاحتياجات الأساسية من الغذاء وملبس ومسكن لعدد كبير من اللاجئين من قبل مفوضية شؤون اللاجئين ذلك لإنجاح إستراتيجية الاعتماد على الذات ،بالإضافة إلى تفعيل دور مساهمة ومشاركة اللاجئين في برامج التنمية الخاصة بهم. Abstract Research title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of projects and programs of self-reliance provided to refugees in Al-Shajrab camp in eastern Sudan. Name of student: Rayan Mustafa Faki Ali Al Amin Degree: Master in Social Work The aim of this research is to shed light on the self-reliance programs offered to refugees in the Shujrab camp, one of the refugee camps in eastern Sudan to show how effective are the self-reliance programs in reducing poverty and improving the living conditions of refugees in the camp. The evaluation of the program based on several measures: effectiveness, impact on the poor, sustainability, innovation. The research used the descriptive analytical method for the phenomenon under study and the evaluation method to analyze the data obtained from the random sample. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Self-reliance programs failed to provide a permanent source of income for refugees and did not improve their living conditions according to the program's goals, as a result of several challenges that these programs faced, namely: cost to beneficiaries, the country's economic conditions, policies and laws in addition to the location of the camp. Based on these results, the researcher made a number of recommendations, including: There should be efforts to improve the laws and policies of refugees inside Sudan, in addition to meet the basic needs of food, clothing and housing for a large number of refugees by UNHCR to succeed in the strategy of self-reliance. More efforts should also be exerted to involve refugees in the development programs.
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Itemدور الخدمة الاجتماعية في معالجة مشكلات أبناء المغتربين بالجامعات السودانية(University of Khartoum, 2017-07)This study aims at investigating the problems faced by the expatriates’ children in the Sudanese universities. It also tries to know the problems of the availability of the social services offices in the universities, in addition to investigating the problems of communication between the students and the social specialists. The study is conducted on a sample of students of the Arabic School Certificate enrolled in six Sudanese universities in Khartoum State. The tools of the study include a questionnaire distributed to the above students, personal interviews and observation. The researcher uses the simple cluster sample method to determine the study components. The universities are classified depending on two bases: one is organizational and the other is geographical. Pursuant to the organizational basis, these universities are divided into governmental and non-governmental ones. As to the geographical basis, a consideration was given to the town where the university is located. The researcher selected one governmental and one non-governmental university in each town through the simple random sample method. The six universities are selected accordingly. The researcher arrived at several findings, including that: the studying expatriates’ children had sustained academic and some economic problems. There was no statistically significant relation between the quality of the problems and the demographic factors and no statistically significant relation between the accommodation conditions of the studying expatriates’ children and the academic or psychological problems they sustained. There was statistically significant relation between their accommodation condition and the social problems they faced. There was no statistically significant relation between the students’ acquaintance with the social service offices and the students’ ability to find solution to their problems. The research concluded with recommendations, mainly: to work out a model for the social service offices in the Sudanese universities, comprising: a social service office which that includes social service working specialists (according to the number of the students), a psychiatric, an academic counsellor (affiliated to the social service office and the academic affairs). The research also recommends holding seminars that bring together the students from the expatriates’ sons to discuss their problems directly with them and to pay attention to the scientific training and the theoretical qualification for the social service practitioners.
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Itemالعنف الأسري في قريتي عجب سيدو وسيفاوا بولاية القضارف(University of Khartoum, )This research deals with the problem of domestic violence as one of the social problems that threatens security and social peace in different human societies whether rural or urban, as it affects the individual, the family and the society. Unlike many other studies, this one attempts to address the concept of domestic violence within a wide spectrum, including practices that are not generally perceived as violence such as early marriage, forced marriage, divorce and polygamy as measures and indicators of domestic violence in rural societies. In this study the researcher seeks to know the views and ideas of the rural communities about domestic violence and the ways and means used to combat this phenomenon in Ajab Sidu and Sifawa villages in Gedaref State. The objectives of the study are to clarify the concept of family violence in the study society, to see the views of the two villages about domestic violence, to investigate the causes and types of domestic violence practiced in small rural communities in Sudan and to see the role of the family and the other social institutions in dealing with domestic violence. It is a comparative study based on the qualitative approach using primary data collected through open interviews, focus group discussions, observation and other primary tools. Secondary data has also been derived from the theoretical reports, scientific research, books, journals, internet, etc. The study reached a number of findings, the most important of which is that the concept of domestic violence in the society of the study is based on the idea that violence is only directed against women, despite the existence of violence against men. The study also found that the values and the traditions of the society encourage male domination and women subordination, which had an impact on the division of labor and the distribution of tasks on gender basis. Another finding was that divorce is an indicator of domestic violence in society, as its affects children, women and social peace. Customs and traditions play a major role in perpetuating domestic violence by encouraging members of the society to early marriage, polygamy, divorce, etc. In the context of physical violence, the study proved that women may be physically more aggressive than men in their relationships with their husbands. It also showed that the behavioral values limiting the tasks of women within the house only lead to the practice of some types of domestic violence in the society. Therefore, the study recommends the importance of activating the role of schools and mosques in stressing positive behavioral values such as acceptance of the other and the freedom of expression. It also recommends that mass-media should participate through cultural programs in awareness rising of the dangers of domestic violence. Further, it recommends that those who are responsible of the educational policy in Sudan generally, and in Gedaref state in particular, should concentrate on equal educational opportunities for girls. Family issues should be included in school curriculum and the role of school social worker should be activated.