Health Hazards of Lead Exposure To Workers at Greater Khartoum Industry Area Case Study: Printing House Press and Batteries Industry

Abstract

This study was carried out at printing press and batteries industry to assess the magnitude of inorganic lead poisoning and the degree of exposure among workers. Blood, urine and hair samples were collected from workers at the working site and out site of Area-lead content in air samples exceeded the average allowable concentration at all locations which is an indication that the workers are exposed to high lead concentrations. Workers at printing press and batteries industry had showed a low Red Blood Cell Count which may be an indication of lead poisoning. Lead in blood and samples exceeded the biological standard at both sites showing on occupational over exposure. According to physical and biological parameters, workers both sites were found to be exposed to the risk of lead poisoning which needs to be controlled treated and the environmental factors should be modified for a cleaner and healthier environment.