أثرالعصبية القبـلية في قيام الدولة العباسية وتــطــورها وتــــدهورهـا 132ه-232ه/749-847 م

Abstract

This thesis is intended to expose and highlight the role played by the Arab tribes in rise, development and deterioration of the Abbassid State in its first period; as such role was not thoroughly tackled by the previous studies nor was the light was adequately thrown thereon. The Arab tribes, particularly the Yemenis, have supported the Hashimite appeal in K$3;fa when they adopted the Kaysāni appeal and took over its command. They then spread such appeal among the Yemeni tribes in Kh$3;rasān, where a popular base on which they depended for the tribal conflict, could easily be formed. Consequently, the $2;mmayyad regime witnessed weakness and the tribes accepted the change, and so spread the appeal among the Arab tribes in Islamic eastern areas until they overcame and dominated them and then conquered all the areas over there. The stages of the Hashimte conquer then could reach the Yemeni tribes' leadership to the Kh$3;rasāni soldiers coming to the K$3;fa and provision of every required assistance to enable them rule over the city in the name of Beni Hashim. So their number increased and they overpowered the Mudar tribes and expelled them from K$3;fa. They led the Arab armies to annihilate the $2;mmayyad power in Syria. In Syria, the Yemeni tribes supported Beni Hashim and raised their emblem until the rise of Abbasside State. Politically, such State was established by the Arabs, as they were the strongest power in the Kh$3;rasāni army who came from the east. The caliphs and walis were from G$3;raish tribe. The armies' commanders and regions' governors as well as the administers were from G$3;raish and other Arab tribes' chieftains. The Abbassid caliphs during the Abbasside first period resorted to stir up discord among the soldiers and diffuse the spirit of fanaticism among them to present them unify and be allied against the state. They applied the same policy with the tribes to weaken the alliances concluded between the strong tribes, so that the state can easily take power over them all. So they could keep the balance between the Yemeni and Mudar tribes in respect of the court and the management. Accordingly, the political life flourished, but still the tribal conflict over the power and around the interests was the most distinguished characteristic of the Abbasside first period from the beginning. Both the Arab tribes and the state paid for such political conflicts. The royal family came to divide and consequently the tribes came to scatter. The administrative and political affairs were disordered. The Arabs were repelled from the court and the disintegration dominated most of the regions of the state