Abstract:
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In this work, new \extended gauge transformations" involving current and ¯elds are
presented. The transformation of Maxwell's equations under these gauges leads to a massive boson ¯eld
(photon) that is equivalent to Proca ¯eld. The charge conservation equation and Proca equations are
invariant under the new extended gauge transformations. Maxwell's equations formulated with Lorenz
gauge condition violated give rise to massive vector boson. The inclusion of London supercurrent in
Maxwell's equations yields a massive scalar boson satisfying Klein-Gordon equation. It is found that
in superconductivity Lorenz gauge condition is violated, and consequently massive spin-0 bosons are
created. However, the charge conservation is restored when the total current and charge densities are
considered. |