A pharmacological study of some therapeutic and antimicrobial potentials of ox bile

Abstract

Bile chemistry constituents were estimated in Khartoum. The local bovine bile contained 148 mEq/l of sodium, 4.6 mEq/l of potassium, 8.4 mEq/l of calcium, 3.3 mEq/l of phosphorus, 25mg/l ofcholesterol, 5.6 mg/l of billirubin, 38 mg/l of urea, 0.52 mg/l of albumin, 1.5 mg/l of total proteins, 132.6 i.u./ l of ALP activities and 17.0 i.u./l of GOT activities. The local ovine bile contained 148 mEq/l of sodium, 8.3 mEq/l of potassium, 9.3 mEq/l of calcium, 7.9 mEq/l of phosphorus, 46mg/l of cholesterol, 6.99 mg/l of billirubin, 55 mg/l of urea, 0.82 mg/l of albumin, 1.5 mg/l of total proteins, 86 i.u./ l of ALP activities and 10.0 i.u./l of GOT activities. Ox bile was screened for pharmacologic activities. Three isolated tissues were subjected to these screenings: the rabbit intestine and the rat aorta and uterus. 0.5µl/ml of bile relaxed rabbit intestinal contractions by 64.9%. 1.0µl/ml of bile relaxed rabbit intestinal contractions by 78.4%. 2.0µl/ml of bile relaxed rabbit intestinal contractions by 100%. 0.5µl/ml of bile relaxed rabbit intestinal contractions pretreated by 1.25 µg/ml phentolamine plus 1.25 µg/ml propranolol by 65.9%. 1.0µl/ml of bile relaxed rabbit intestinal contractions by 2.50 µg/ml phentolamine plus 2.50 µg/ml propranolol by 80%. 1.0µl/ml of bile abolished aortic strip contraction and tone to 1.0µg/ml noradrenaline. 0.5µl/ml abolished aortic strip contraction and tone to 1.0µg/ml noradrenaline. 0.25µl/ml abolished aortic strip contraction to 1.0µg/ml noradrenaline residual tones were recorded every .3 – 4 seconds. 2, 1 and 0.5µl/ml of bile abolished aortic strip contractions and tone to 0.12µg/ml noradrenaline. 2, 1 and 0.5µl/ml of bile abolished aortic strip contractions and tone to 0.16µg/ml noradrenaline. 1 µl/ml of bile abolished aortic strip contractions to 0.2µg/ml noradrenaline and 0.2µg/ml adrenaline, residual tone persisted. 2µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 52.6%. 4µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 42%. 6µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 46.4%. 8µl/ml iv relaxed uterine contractions by 48.95%. 10µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 51.5%. 12µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 72.2%. 16µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 62.5%. 20µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 62.5%. 40µl/ml relaxed uterine contractions by 75%. Statistical verification for uterine relaxations to bile determined significant individual variations in these responses. Antimicrobial actions of ox bile were tested on standard pathogenic bacteria. These included Staphyllococcus albus, Proteus spp., Bacillus Gm+ve spp, Staphyllococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia vulneris, Bacillus subtilis (Chemotherapeutic sensitive), Staphyllococcus saprophyticus; Enterobacter spp.; Micrococcus variant; Staphyllococcus albusyellow-pigment contaminant; Staphyllococcus epidermidis. Whole ox bile was bacteristatic to all the microorganisms. 33% of ox bile was bacteristatic to Coryrebacterium pseudtuberculosis, Micrococcus variant, Staphyllococcus albus, and Staphyllococcus saprophyticus. 33% of ox bile partially inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus , Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter spp, Staphyllococcus epidermidis, Staphyllococcus albus, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphyllococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp, Corynebacterium spp. Escherichia vulneris andBacillus subtilis were not sensitive to 33% of ox bile. Escherichia coli exhibited supergrowth in this concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were estimated for these organisms MIC estimates were 6.25% for Staphyllococcus albus, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Staphyllococcus saprophyticus and Micrococcus variant, 50% for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. andKlebsiella spp., and 100% for Staphyllococcus albus, Escherichia vulneris, Staphyllococcus aureus, Proteus spp. andBacillus spp.