Analog Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator in Modern Communication Systems

Abstract

In today’s ways of communications, our delivery channels are basically dependent on electromagnetic media. In this context the frequency stability is a significant factor that plays an essential role in the design process of oscillators. A crystal oscillator represents one of the most popular types of oscillators that are popularly used in modern communication systems. The generated frequency from this kind of oscillators is affected by a number of environmental factors; greatly by the change in temperature. One procedure to stabilize the frequency of a crystal oscillator is known as a temperature compensation technique. In this paper this method will be presented. The design and results will be clearly explained. Frequency stability within the range ±2.5 ppm was achieved under a temperature range -20C to 70C.