TOXICITY OF POTASSIUM BROMATE TO NUBIAN GOAT KIDS

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effect of potassium bromate on Nubian goat kids. Twelve goat kids were divided into four groups A, B, C and D and treated withpotassium bromate at doses of 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight respectively for 6 weeks, when the toxin was withdrawn for a 4 weeks recovery period. The mortality was 100% ingoats treated with 90 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate and 33.3% in the group treated with 60 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate. Goats received 30 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate showed diarrhea, whereas dullness, weakness, nasal discharge, lacrimation, diarrhea, decreased appetite and temporary partial paralysis were observed in goats which received 60 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate. Recumbency, decreased urination, bloody urination, diarrhea, nasal discharge, lacrimation and decreased appetite were noticed in goats received 90 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate. Significant (p<0.05) weight loss was recorded in groups B and C. There were significant (p>0.01) decreases in WBCs and RBCs values in all groups in the treatment period. Hb and PCV values were not significantly (p>0.01) changed in all groups. There were significant (p<0.01) decreases in MCHC values in the treatment periodin groups C and D with significant (p<0.01) increases in the recovery period in groups B and C. In MCV values there were significant (p<0.01) increasesin groups C and D in the treatment period and also significant (p<0.01) increases in group B and C in the recovery period. Urea and creatinine concentrationssignificantly (p>0.01) increased in group D. Total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (p>0.01) increased in all groups. Uric acid was significantly (p>0.01) decreased in all groups. Sodium concentration was significantly (p>0.01) increased in group D. Phosphorous concentrations were significantly (p>0.01) increased in all groups. The group which is treated with 90 mg potassium bromate /kg body weight showed congested intestines and enlargement of the gall bladder. Congestion and fatty degeneration in both the liver and kidney were seen in the both groups D and C treated with 90 and 60 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate respectively. Nimtalla, Hanan M., MVSc. Thesis, 2008 x Histopathological examination showed hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis in liver, congestion and swelling of tubular cells and desquamation of tubular epithelia in kidney and marked congestion and thickened interalobular septa in lungs in goats treated with 90 mg/kg body weight potassium bromate. In goats treated with 60 mg/kg body weightpotassium bromate, cellular swelling and focal lymphocyte infilteration in liver,hypercellularity of glomerular tufts and dilated tubules in kidney and hemosiderosis in red pulp and distinct trabeculation in spleen were seen. In the group treated with 30 mg/kg potassium bromate the liver showed hepatic degeneration and leucocytes clumps mainly lymphocytes, in the kidney there were dilated tubules. Spleen showed prominent red pulp with germinal center. Intestine showed tapered villi, elongated glands and odema in submucosa. Potassium bromate is considered a hepatonephric chemical toxicant to Nubian goat kids at the dose levels applied in the experiment.