Prevalence of Poliovirus Specific Salivary IgA and Serum IgG in Orally Poliovirus Immunized Preschool Children
Prevalence of Poliovirus Specific Salivary IgA and Serum IgG in Orally Poliovirus Immunized Preschool Children
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Date
2015-04-15
Authors
Hassan, Rania
Journal Title
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Publisher
UOFK
Abstract
This study was conducted in Omdurman municipality hospitals during the
period of February 2007 to February 2008 to study the prevalence of
poliomyelitis virus antibodies in the saliva and sera of OPV immunized
preschool-aged children using an in-house ELISA. Data concerning history of
immunization, other medical information and demographic data that collected
using structural questionnaire with informedconsent of the mother or gardian of
each participant child. One hundred children of 1year to more than 4 years were
included. Blood and saliva were collected from each child.Positive control
saliva and sera were obtained from multiple OPV immunized children, whereas
negative control saliva and sera were obtained from non-OPV immunized
children and tested in pilot ELISA study. OPV was heat inactivated and used as
a solid phase antigen for coating the ELISA plates. Goat αFc human IgA and
IgG conjugated to (Horse radish peroxidase) HPO were used for the detection of
salivary IgA and serum IgG respectively. From ELISA pilot studies we
elaborated an in-house ELISA to study the prevalence of (poliovirus) PV
specific SIgA and IgG in saliva and seraof OPV immunized children. Several
factors that could affect IgA, IgG, and IgA/IgG ratio were investigated in this
study such as age, sex, and area of residence.
In this study the prevalence of polio virus specific salivary IgA and serum
IgG were detected in the various age groups of OPV immunized children. The
absorbance values of polio virus specific salivary IgA and serum IgG were very
high in all age groups. However, the differences between these values among all
age groups were not statistically significant. The Pvalue for IgA was (0.36) and
for IgG the Pvalue was (0.20). Furthermore, children who received two or five
doses of OPV had the same absorbance values for IgA and IgG. Moreover,
salivary IgA /serum IgG absorbance valuesratio in all age groups were also
non-statistically significant (P= 0.45). These results clearly demonstrated that
iv
OPV induced both local and systemic Abs responses in all immunized children.
Moreover, the prevalence of polio virus specific salivary IgA and serum IgG
was the same in both sex. Absorbance values for PV specific salivary IgA was
relatively high in comparison with PV specific IgG in both sex, but these
differences were not statistically significant (P= 0.294 for IgA and P= 0.255
for IgG) for both isotypes. However, significantly higher salivary IgA/serum
IgG absorbance ratio were found in males than in females (P= 0.03).
OPV immunized children from various area of residences had high
prevalence PV specific salivary IgA and serum IgG. However, the absorbance
values of salivary IgA were relatively higher in comparison with polio virus
specific serum IgG. However, these absorbance differences were not
statistically significant among children of various area of residences for both
isotypes (P= 0.383 for IgA and P= 0.276 for IgG), salivary IgA/ serum IgG
absorbance ratio were statistically not significant as well (P= 0.058).
A linear relationship between salivary IgA and serum IgG was found and
OPV immunization armament children with local and systemic Abs responses
that make it difficult for wild virus to escape any of the two lines of defense.
In this study we concluded that OPV immunization in childhood produces
both local and systemic Abs response. The number of doses of OPV, age, sex
and area of residence had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the value of salivary
IgA and IgG, whereas sex had a significant effect on the salivary IgA/ serum
IgG ratio. Our in-house ELISA is a useful tool for monitoring OPV
immunization campaigns for the eradication of poliomyelitis
Description
Keywords
Poliovirus,Salivary IgA ,Serum,Orally Poliovirus,Immunized,Preschool,Children