Comparison of Clinical and Serological Diagnosis of Trachoma in Eastern Sudan

Abstract

Trachoma is the most important infectious cause of blindness worldwide. In three rural populations in Sudan in May 2003. A baseline survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of active trachoma. A total of 265 children aged 0-9 years, from 110 households in 5 communities, were examined for the presence of active trachoma. Demographic and household information was collected using questionnaires and household amenities and environmental conditions were observed. Overall, 17% of children had active trachoma. No one of our children had had trachomatous scarring. In children, discharge in the eyes and flies on the eyes were significant indicators of trachoma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% CI 1.94-4.55 and OR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.37-4.88, respectively). Frequency of washing children, a clean environment and hygienic disposal of excrement were significant preventative factors for active trachoma. Prevalence of active trachoma varies widely between and within villages, communities and religious group. Risk factors comprise a mix of individual characteristics and household factors. This study demonstrates the need for broad target interventions and a flexible approach to the prevention of trachoma in moderate to high prevalence endemic rural population.