العولمة والأدبيات الإسلامية

Abstract

This research is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of globalization in the different literature and schools of though that dealt with it whether from an Islamic Religious point of view or otherwise. It sheds the light on the economic, political or social aspects on the Arab world in general and in Sudan in particular. Globalization is a modern phenomenon which generated new situation which affected and still affects all ways of life specially after the end of the cold war and the appearance of one axis which dominates the world. The research had been divided in to four main chapters: The first chapter had dealt with the theoretical conception of globalization starting from its definition, its history and instruments and means it uses to achieve it. The second chapter is a survey study of historical, political informatory and social reality of the Arab world in general. This paves the way to chapter three which deals with ideological and Islamic conceptions. The fourth chapter dealt with Sudan as a special case. It is divided into two subjects, the first is the economic situation in Sudan and Globalization and how to prepare our selves to cope and integrate with it. The second subject surveys the ideas of Sudanese thinkers from the economic, informatory, political and religious aspects vis- á- vis globalization. It is worth mentioning that the research had dealt with Arab world and Sudan in general in the light of written literature, reports, studies and interviews with different personalities in order to relate it to the Reality and the attempts to comprehend globalization and it’s effects. The researcher had reached some conclusions from her studies and interviews. The first conclusion is that Globalization is a sort of status rather than a conception. It occupies several fields: economic, political, social, informatory, technological, cultural and religious. In addition to that it is not static but it reveals everyday a new visage. It is a Proceis carrying with it cultures of centres of power which domnate it. It aims at present towards westernizing and Americanizing the world in the near future. Secondly, Globalization has the important aspect of its technological development. There is no way of stopping or changing this aspect. It is an independent factor. The attempt to politicize Globalization and attempts to control it emante from the hegemony of certain powers. It presents the ideological aspect of globalization which led to delay of Globalization after the end of cold war. Thirdly, the survey of a general study of Arab World pointed to the researcher that these countries are burdened with problems and obstacles which dominate the third world. The political problem is one of the main factors, because of the divided Arab world, problems of establishing democracy and economics still crawling towards development. The big Gab in the technological and informatory aspects between Arab world and developed countries is a negative factor in trying to reach standards of Globalization. This negative aspect had resulted in a general public opinion on all levels whether be it religious based on justified factors or objective factors. All ideas in general see that globalization at its present status and at our present time is not in the interest of Arab peoples. Fourthly, at the level of Sudan in particularly, this state has special reality. It has different ethnical structure which is a mixture of Arab, African, Islamic, Christian and Pagan religions and beliefs. It is also based on mixed economic system, command economy controlled completely by the government, that is regulated economy since Second World War. The trials to reform the skeleton of the economy towards reaching a status controlled by market factor to reach complete liberalization of economy had not yet succeeded. This social political and economic mixture had resulted in different conceptions towards globalization from points of view analyzing the phenomenon and estimating the size of losses. One can feel these apprehensions available in all ideas and conceptions of globalization in Sudan. The research had revealed that there are many aspects, which need to be reformed especially in the field of education, introduction of modern technology, reform of banking system and sector of production. It is also necessary to prepare general planning on all levels and ways of life so as to avoid effects of unexpected shocks from the new international reality