التأثيرات المناخية على زراعة القمح في السودان

Abstract

Considerable attenion and concern is given to wheat cultivation and porduction at both levels officially and publicly. Agriculture Deparment encourages researches on wheat studies. Wheat cultivation is encouraged in South and West Dafur as well as in other parts of sudan to achieve national seflsufficieny. This study deals with climatic elements that affect wheat cultaivation in sudan with special emphasis on some climatic elements; such as, the temeperature and relative humidity. Monthly mean temeperature and relative humidity for the proid 1982-2001 is analysied. In addation, the study used the accumulative average temperature as the most important factor on which agronomists depend for forcasting crop growing and productivity. Data collected from eight selected meteorological stations. from Northern and Central Regions is used intensively. The researcher adopts various approaches such as the historical and descriptive approaches which deals with history of wheat cultivation in the Sudan. The study also adopts the statistical ز and analitical approachs though using computer in analyzing climatic and wheat production data. the researcher uses the mean ,standard deviation , correlation –co-efficient , regression equation and range rectification to find the correlation relationships between temeperature, relative humidity , area and productivity. The study points out that, temperature and relative humidity profoundly affect wheat production in the two regions. It also shows that the Northern region due to its mild winter is favourable to wheat cultivation rather than the other parts of the Sudan. Further more, the study finds out that productivity per feddan increases northwards in the Sudan and decrease noticeably southwards. Moreover, temperature affect productivity in areas within the same region. Using the range rectification the study shows that although cultivated area is the most changeable variance , but changeability of temperature has more influence on wheat production .Depending on the findings the study suggested some recommendations.