أثر سياسات التحرير الاقتصادي على القطاع الزراعي خلال الفترة 1992- 2002م

Abstract

This study handled the impact of the implementation of the economic liberalization polices on the agricultural sector during the period 1992-2002. The research problem was: what would the national economy gain by the implementation of such policy on agriculture and the social and political impact resulting from such application. The study, thus, reviewed the policies and procedures of economic liberalization which were applied, these were represented by a package of financial and monetary policies; together with some reform and structural policies. They also included the economic and social protectionist policies and arrangements. Emphasis was laid, then, in those policies on the policies and procedures of the liberalization of the agricultural sector. The study adopted the descriptive approach, by studying the actual reality of agriculture and the agricultural procedures and policies which were applied on same, likewise, the analytic approach was applied, through the analysis of data, to reach the results of the study. The primary data were obtained for the periodicals and the interview technique. The interviews were conducted with the specialized persons. The secondary data were obtained from the published sources. The findings of the study confirm the deterioration of the performance of agriculture. This is clearly seen in the degradation and fluctuation of the field productivity and the reduction of the cultivated areas. Thus, agriculture could not perform the role assigned to it. This was reflected on the economic, social and political aspects, in the form of low returns from agriculture; which made the state loose much foreign currencies. Also, the contribution of agriculture to the Gross National Income (GNI) was reduced. Meanwhile, and on another side, the returns of the farmer from the field crops were reduced, which made him suffer destitute, misery and imprisonment. Yet, a further aspect that cropped was that food security was not achieved. The study then, reached the conclusion that the economic liberalization policies have deepened the deterioration of agriculture. Hence, policies which care for importance and requirements of agriculture must be provided. This may include subsidizing agriculture, providing the necessary financing and setting marketing and price policies which are feasible enough to provide incentives for farmers