التحولات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للنازحين من الإقليم الجنوبي إلى الخرطوم الكبرى

Abstract

The communal displacement phenomenon, from the peripheries to the urban centers in many countries, had attracted the attention of the researchers in the field of Human Geography. This had left a deep impact on the political, economic, social and cultural factors involved. This forward the basic research problem which is related to the population displacement, from the southern – Sudan to the north Northespecially to greater Khartoum. The cause was the civil war and the lack of balanced development and the accompanying economic and social transformations of the displaced people. In addition, there is the looking into he possibility of the voluntary return of the displaced people, to there original regions. This research aims to project the reflections of urban life, in Greater Khartoum, on these displaced people. It should be known that the southern represent about 70-80% of the total number of displaced people, from the various regions of Sudan, to greater Khartoum. Thus, the researcher meant to cast the light on the displaced categories from the southern Sudan; because they are affected by the civil war; specially that of the period 1983-2003; when the comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in the 2005. Accordingly, it could be said that communal displacement of the Sons of the Southernregion, was a result of forced migration, because of the war. Yet, the examined sample exposed the presences of other factor; such as, the lack of employment opportunities in the Southern-regions, the lack of education opportunities and the unbalanced development problems. In an endeavor for the research to achieve its objectives, it was important to use more than one approach. Therefore, the theoretical historical approach and the descriptive statistical approach were used. The later approach contained the method of data collection, review and analysis of the research community. The research community was investigated through questionnaire ﴿ ه ﴾ which was designed to cover all the axes of the economic, social and cultural transformation. The questionnaire was distributed over a random sample of 322 of the heads of the household who resided in the planned camps and settlements, in addition to those who settled inside the old living quarters and the buildings under construction. For the analysis of the statistical data, the researcher used the statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) for the statistical analysis of data and review the results; in the forms of table and graphs. The research findings shows that there are clear transformations in the economic, social and cultural aspects which are related to the Southern displaced people. These take the forms of the consumption pattern, the urban dealings, the health and sanitary customs, cultural isolations (which is represented in the used of the Arabic language as a means of communication, holding pleasant and mourning occasions and the food and drinks and ornament habits). Accordingly the researcher reached some results which could assist in the planning for return especially after peace. The most important of these is assuring of voluntary return and the achievement of attraction and stability in the original regions.