مآخذ بدر الدين بن الناظم النحوية علي ألفية ابن مالك

Abstract

This study deals with the critiques of Badr el-Din Ibn Al-Nazim, in the realm of the grammar of 'Alfiyat Ibn Malik'. It came in four chapters, which are divided into eleven sections. The research followed the life span of 'Ibn Malik', and that of 'Ibn Al-Nazim'. It reviewed the name of 'Ibn Malik', his birth, his descent, family and contemporaries of kings, princes, sheikhs, students, writings and death. Likewise, it reviewed the life of 'Ibn Al-Nazim', with exposing the most important sign-posts, in his life. The research handled some criticism and flaws, in the grammar of the 'Alfiya', including the flaws of the 'Amadmoms'; such as, the obligatory deletion of the predicate, and, thus; exposing the differences of the assessment of the deleted predicate; and the subject (Al-Fa-'il) if it was two or a sum; and the comments of the grammarians about same; in addition to what 'Ibn Malik' and 'Ibn Al-Nazim' said. This, also, included the differentiation between the verb and its feminine subject by 'Illa'; and the differences about the possibility of attaching the "Ta" to the verb or its deletion. The research, also, covered "the Nominatives"; as represented by the deletion of 'the factor of the confirmed', the proceeding of the adverb over it’s preposition; and the aspects of differences, in approving that. It also covered the 'conflict in work'. The study, also, handled 'min' the excess preposition, in negation and positivity. This included what 'Ibn Al-Nazim' received from his father, in this issue; together with talking about the Genitive and its coming in the meaning of 'fi' (in); and the opinions of the grammarians about it and what 'Ibn Al-Nazim' took from all that. Of the findings reached by the study, are the following: 1. 'Ibn Malik' wrote the language knowledge unto poetic prose and recorded many issues, in little amounts of lexemes. This is a proof of his ability to write poetry. 2. 'Ibn Malik' had special grammatical terminologies, which were never used by others grammarians; such as, 'the quasai subject'. The majority of the grammarians, before him, called it the 'object' which 'subject' is not known. Other names included 'the alternative'; instead of saying 'the alternative of the some of all'; or 'the defined with the definitive instrument'; instead of the defined with "Al". 3. 'Ibn Malik'; at many times, differed with the Basra and Kufa grammarians. So, he chose in each issue or problem, what he found out by his own effort and argument. 4. 'Ibn Al-Nazim' was one of the first 'U lama' who explained the 'Al-Fiya', until he became commonly known as "the explainer" (Al-Sharih). 5. 'Ibn Al-Nazim' explained different grammatical rules than his father "Ibn Malik". 6. The evidences of 'Ibn Al-Nazim' in his explanation, are few from the Holy Koran and the Prophets (PPBUH) sayings (Hedeeth), as compared with the evidences of his father Ibn Malik. 7. In his explanation, 'Ibn Al-Nazim' adopted the 'Basra' school, in much of which he referred to. The researcher recommends farther research on this topic with emphasis on parsing – from the topics of differences between 'Ibn Malik' and his son Badr el-Din Ibn Al-Nazim .