السلطة السياسية من منظور إسلامي دراسة تحليلية بالترآيز علي نموذج دولة المدينة المنورة

Abstract

The subject of this thesis is: The political Power from Islamic Perspective – Analytical study with special emphasis on the Madina Munawara. It focused on the study of the concept of power which has been largely ignored in the ancient times without being critically studied and documented. In the ancient state. In the ancient Greek, each city was an independent state because it owns its political and economic independence as well as the internal and external affairs on the basis of the modern sovereignty. There was not any consideration to the religious power as it was purely civic power. The Roman Empire was also known for its practical policies, economic, military and legal capabilities which far exceeded the Greek who had been famous in the political thought and the philosophical theories. The study highlighted the concept of power and its importance in the Islamic thought taking into account the experience of the Medina State. The priorities identified at that time were related to the political, social, economic and security aspects which ensure the integrity and cohesiveness of the community. The study has revealed the following points: 1. Establishment of Islamic power is a must. It is a power which can be exercised on all and has many specialized branches. 2. Three elements are necessary for the establishment of the State which is: people, region and power in addition to international recognition as fourth element. 3. Islam is a comprehensive style of life which develops and evolves as time passes (i.e. contemporary). Islam does not know the separation between State and religion. In the Medina State - which is the example 296 of the typical Islamic State – top political leaders were heavily involved in the religious affairs of the State. 4. Political power in Islam is an institutional power that is capable of administering the peoples' life. It is the people who chose the Head of State and the legislative power to do the job. 5. Experiences from the rule of the Rational Caliphs showed deviation from the basis and principles of Islam as far as the selection of the Caliph is concerned. Baea'a was not exercised voluntarily because there was no freedom and Shoora to determine what should govern the life of the community. Power was vested in the hand of a single dictator person or elite groups. 6. It has been observed that the regime of the rational Caliphates, Sahaba had tackled the issue of transferring power from one Caliph to another based on democratic selection. In so doing, political and social justice between people had been achieved throughout the Islamic State. However, the rebellion movements and civic unrest occurred at the end of the Rational Caliphate in regions which recently received Islam. The Medina State had dealt with the principles of separation of power in order to ensure better political, economic, social and juridical performance. These powers can be summarized as: The legislative power: It deals with the production of rules based on Quran and Sunna. It is run by the Council of Representatives. The Executive power: is intended to manage and operationalize the State's affairs; it includes: Head of State, Ministers, Walis and chiefs of institutions. Head of State is the highest political power in the State. The Judiciary power: it should be an independent power established with the objective of making justice and resolve conflicts between the community members.