آثار خلاوي الفاضلاب ،الغبش وكدباس بين الإدارة الرسمية والشعبية ( خلاوي الضفة الغربية ولاية نهر النيل)

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the main problems encountering Islamic archaeological sites in Sudan which undergo a process of a rapid deterioration resulting from its abandonment, its exposure to natural factors like floods, and the renovation attempts of these sites. This research addressed these problems by defining the Islamic archeological sites, their architectures and art. The history of Islam is also presented in this research through the presentation of the archaeological findings exposing the early presence of Muslims in the early kingdoms prior to the establishment of the first great Islamic political entity of the Fung Kingdom. The administration of the Islamic archaeological sites in Sudan also consists a part of this research whose absence was clear except in the case of famous monumental sites like the city of Swakin and the mosque palace of Old Dongola. In addition, this research also treats the natural and human threats to the archaeological sites with consideration of the Sufi nature of islam in Sudan and its plea for simplism which had an obvious impact on the choice of the various techniques and materials of architection. Moreover, there is a belief that these archaeological remains are personal properties of the descendents and followers of the sheikhs and are thus treated without consultation of the administration of antiquities and archaeological sites. As a case study, the research presents the khalawi of Al Fadlab,Al Ghobush, Kadabas, on the western bank of the Nile between the localities of Atbara and Barbar. Because of inundations, some of these Khalawi had been abandoned and were removed to new sites, and some were demolished and rebuilt. The different Objeets reflecting the cultural and religious aspects of these Khalawi are also presented. This research reached results which clarifies the social, political, and cultural influences of these sites and their relation to other sites in the area of Shaigia from which different Sheiks originate and in which several had studied The study concludes with the importance of the reconsideration of the methods of documenting Islamic archaeological remains, and the importance of increasing the national public awareness of these remains, especially that of the public administration. This study emphasizes also the importance of the complete documentation of all the details of all ل archaeological buildings before any rebuilding activities, and the importance of leaving, even if just a simple, foundation plate from the original old building.