Assessment of Ground water Quality of Balola Area in South Krodofan State
Assessment of Ground water Quality of Balola Area in South Krodofan State
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Date
2015-05-21
Authors
Khadigha Abdullah Elhessen Alhassan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of Khartoum
Abstract
Background:
Ground water is generally considered to be a safe source of drinking
water than surface water, but can also be contaminated. Water is said to be
polluted either due to the presence of harmful chemicals, physical or bacterial
contamination. All water pollutants are hazardous to humans health e.g. ;
high hardness (salt water) causes cardiovascular, PH, turbidity, iron cause
change of taste, color and odor, Lack of iodine increase thyroid gland
inflammation , fluoride increase of dental caries, diarrhea, typhoid and
hepatitis diseases transmitted by sewage in drinking.
Design:
This is an analytical study
Setting:-
This study was conducted at South Krodofan state - At Abugebaha locality in
Balola area during the period from July 2010 to April 2011
Objectives:
To assess the ground water quality in terms of chemical and physical in
addition to bacteriological quality of Balola Area at Abugebiha locality in
South Krodofan State.
Materials and methods:
To assess the chemical, physical and bacteriological quality of ground water.
18 samples of water were collected and tested.Chemical parameters were
analyzed using palintest(R) Photometer and Microseisms. Turbidity analyzed
by using microprocessor (turbidity meter). bacteriological analysis using
multiple tube method technique. Odour, taste, colour were assessed by using
senses. Samples were collected according to the recommended procedures i .e
bacteriological in sterilized bottles after tap Flaming as to the chemical sample
were collected in clean plastic bottles after rinsing.
Results:
The analysis of ground water samples revealed the following:
- Bacteriologic ally 61.1% of samples were contaminated.
- Chemically the analysis revealed that:
72.2% , 33.3% , 33.3% , 16.7% ,15.6% , 11.6% of samples tested exceeded the
recommended standards values, with regard to:
Fluoride, ammonia, chloride, turbidity iron, PH, chlorides respectively where
as other parameters complied with standards.
Conclusion :
1-investigation of ground water is very important to heath improvement. It
eliminates the hazard due to water pollution and it protects water sources.
2-Water sources are chemically contaminated and contain high level of
chemical substances such as fluoride , ammonia,hardness,Iron33.3% ,PH
16.7,turbidity11.1% all this parameters in the range of WHO guide line and
SSMO standards
3- The bacteriological analysis of water samples revealed that the positive
samples about 61.1%.
4-there is no treatment system for ground water
5-The reasons of the samples contamination could be problems with sitting of
wells;
- the holding of water as well as the overall hygiene.
-The watering for animals beside the drinking wells this leads to laechate of
the pollutions in to the wells.
6. Properties Implications
Implications of water
- Turbidity : the appearance for effective terminal disinfection.
- Ammonia : odor and taste.
- Chloride : taste – corrosion.
Hardness : scum formation, possible corrosion, urolithiasis ,
cardiovascular risk .
Iron : staining of laundry and sanitary ware.
Manganese : staining of laundry and sanitary ware.
PH : taste, soapy feel, preferably <8.0 for effective
Disinfection with chlorine.
Sulfate : taste, corrosion.
Total dissolved solid: taste.
Fluoride : skeletal damage (Fluorosis)
Dental caries, mottling of teeth , toxic
Nitrate and nitrite: methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome)
The reasons for external contamination of wells are most likely:- a.
Chemical:
The rains leads to rocks corrosion in the hills area and moving from it’s
places to the land this leads to leachate in the ground water and
increase the minerals content .
Bacteriological :
- There is no sewage system in the area people defecate around their
house this in autumn season , this leads to leachate the human's
feacal in to the wells.
- watering of animals beside the wells and this lead to laechate the faucal in the
wells.
-The live stocks beside the water sources.
Description
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for MPEH the degree in
(Environmental health)
Keywords
university of khartoum
water Quality
Balola Area
South Krodofan
Environmental health
water sources
Citation
Khadigha Abdullah Elhessen Alhassan, Assessment of Ground water Quality of Balola Area in South Krodofan State. – Khartoum : University of Khartoum, 2011. - 113 P. :
illus., 28 cm., MS.C.