Protective Effect of Camel Urine and Milk against Alcohol Induced Liver Damage in Rats
Protective Effect of Camel Urine and Milk against Alcohol Induced Liver Damage in Rats
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Date
2015-04-27
Authors
Daffaallah,Ahmed Eisa Elhag Ibrahim
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
University of Khartoum
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of camel
urine alone and camel milk mixed with camel urine against alcohol induced
liver damage in rats. The study was conducted at the Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Khartoum. It was performed on fifty Wistar Albino rats of both sexes
weighing 85-105 gm, and was continued for four weeks (28 days). On day
(29) the rats were slaughtered. Liver damage was induced by oral
administration of 10% Ethanol at 5g/kg body weight.
The first experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of camel
urine alone against ethanol induced liver damage. Twenty five rats were
used, divided into 5 groups. Rats in group 1 served as control and received
normal saline orally, rats in group 2 were given orally with ethanol 10%, and
rats in group 3 received orally Silymarin (standard drug) (50 mg/kg body
weight) and after 3 hours the same group received ethanol 10%. Group 4 rats
received camel urine at 1ml/100gm body weight by an oral intubation and
rats of group 5 were administered orally with camel urine at 1ml/100gm
body weight and after 3 hours received ethanol 10%. The experiment
continued for 28 days, and on day 29 the rats were slaughtered.
The second experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the
mixture of camel milk and urine against ethanol induced liver damage.
Twenty five rats were used and divided into 5 groups. The rats of groups 1, 2
and 3 represented control, ethanol and Silymarin respectively, by the same
schedule as the first experiment. The rats in group 4 received a mixture of
camel milk and urine (1:1) at the rate of 2ml/100gm body weight, and group
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5 were administered with the mixture of camel milk and urine by the same
dose as in group 4 and then after 3 hours received ethanol 10% (5g/kg body
weight). The experimental continued for 28 days.
Oral administration of camel urine, three hours before alcohol (10%
ethanol), to the rats in the first experiment reduced levels of aspartate
aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP), induced by alcohol intoxication, beside noticeable
stability and decrease in serum metabolites (total proteins, albumin and
billirubin) concentrations which increased in alcoholic intoxicated rats.
These results are better than the results obtained in the reference drug
(Silymarin) group. The results of the serum enzymes and metabolites were
correlated with histopathological changes.
On the other hand, administration of camel milk mixed with the camel
urine to rats in group 5 of the second experiment which were treated with
alcohol after three hours, resulted in significant reduction of the levels of
liver serum enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and in stabilization and
reduction of concentration of the serum metabolites (total protein, albumin
and billirubin) compared with Silymarin + ethanol group, even more strong
than using the camel urine alone. These results were verified by the
histopathological changes.
In Conclusion, the camel urine alone can act as protective agent
against liver damage, but the camel milk mixed with camel urine has high
protective effects and that could be attributed to the antioxidant activity or,
possibly, to the chelating effects of camel milk and urine on toxicants
specially alcohol
Description
91 Pages
Keywords
Liver diseases;Rats;Milk; Alcohol ;Camel;protein;Haemoglobin;