اثر العوامل الاجتماعية والسياسية في ترقية الانتماء الوطني السوداني: دراسة تطبيقية في التوجهات الوطنية للمغتربين السودانيين في ليبيا

Abstract

This research is concerned with the question of national unity in the Sudan. It deals with orientations and respective attitudes that vary between passivity and objectivity that enhance division and disparity, and others that consolidate national unity. Researchers who dealt with such questions had almost concentrated on objective factors related to economic, administrative, racial, religious, and language differences between that components of the society, and that the national unity can be sustained through solving such problems. Reviewing such literature in chapter one of this research, we see that subjective factors which are inevitable complementary factors to those objective ones, are either ignored or not sufficiently dealt with by the researchers. Subjective factors are related to psych-social and political Sudanese character and its behavior towards promoting bases of social and political stability and peaceful co-existence of Sudanese as one nation. To build up a scientific method to deal with such psychological approach, the research adopts two complementary means which can promote a national-oriented charter that behaves towards national unity. These two means are derived and borrowed from socio-political psychologists who adopted epistemological approach and others who adopted mechanical approach in respect of creating a national-oriented character. These approaches are clarified within the theoretical framework of this research. The first means which is built on epistemological approach is represented in rereading socially and politically, the history of the Sudan and the historical development of the kind of tribalism that encourages superior-inferior relations and threaten national-oriented behavior, to replace epistemological conscious about the causes of division and disintegration. The research discusses and analyses this means in three chapters, and denies any kind of racial purity in Sudanese tribal history that might lead to any kind of racial behavior and that both elements of history and geography of the Sudan were capable to create amalgamation of Sudanese people. Understanding such issue creates psychological satisfaction to those who feel inferiority and makes them behave towards national unity. The second means which is built on mechanical approach, is represented in encouraging population mobility and inter-tribal penetrations to create a kind of mutual political and social relations which dismantle tribal-structured behavior and promote a national-oriented character. In this respect the research reviews and scientifically analyses internal and external migrations and their role in developing a nationalistic character in chapter six , seven and eight. In the rest of the chapters, the research enhances in a fieldwork study, the recent external migration of Sudanese youths (Igtrab) as an indicator of developing national attitudes among those Sudanese who live together despite their different regions and tribes. The fieldwork verifies the role of the social and political environment of ightrab in developing a national-oriented Sudanese migrants