التأثيرات الإقتصادية والإجتماعية والبيئية لإقتصاديات السوق على الرُّعاة

Abstract

The study handled socio-economic and environmental impacts of market economies on pastoralists in El-fasher Province –Northern Darfur State. The study targets to reflect on the features and mode of traditional pastoral economy, to identify the role of marketing system and government policies towards utilization of pastoral land, and to know the mechanism of human adaptation with the surrounding environment. The study hypothesized that the inclusion of capitalist system in pastoral sector led to massive change in economic and social mode of life of pastoralists. The significance of the study comes from the role that it facilitates in filling the literacy gab that exists in the pastoralists sector Northern Darfur State since the end of the last century. The study used both secondary and primary materials, a field survey was conducted as well as questionnaire, interviews and observations were used to collect data. A cluster random sample of (150) was selected out of total of (350) represent (28%), 100 respondents are pastoralists and 50 are merchants out of total (150) represent (33.3%). Concerning secondary data articles as well as books, journals, workshops and reports were used for data collection. There were different methods used to analyze the data of study; (SPSS), historical, descriptive, statistical analysis method and political economies approaches. The study has revealed the following: A change in animal type, transformation in animal ownership, deterioration of marketing system, devaluation of animal’s prices (due to mediators). Transformation of economic activities of pastoralists into marginal activities, deterioration of pastoralists’ life and weakness of social cooperation institutions. The study reflects that the crises lived by the traditional pastoralists sector in area of study is result of interventions of several factors, therefore, the study consists of six Chapters, chapter one included an introduction and basic concepts of the study. Chapter two is a theoretical framework; chapter three deals with the natural characteristics. Chapter four consists of the human characteristics and adaptation mechanism, chapter five deals with the economical impacts of market economies on pastoralists and chapter six includes the conclusion, study results and recommendations. The study recommended the integration of pastoralists in development programmes, putting in consideration their priorities and needs, protection of pastoralists from mediators, direct control on market and establishment of cooperatives and local companies to protect pastoralists from mediators