In Vivoand in VitroAnthelmintic Activity of Balanites aegyptiacaand Artemisia Herba Albaon Haemonchuscontortus of Sheep
In Vivoand in VitroAnthelmintic Activity of Balanites aegyptiacaand Artemisia Herba Albaon Haemonchuscontortus of Sheep
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Date
2015-04-26
Authors
Osman Elhassan Albadawi, Rogia
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
UOFK
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate in vivoand in vitro
anthelmintic effects of the plants Artemisia herba albaand Balanites
aegyptiacaagainst the nematode of sheep Haemonchus contortus.
For in vivostudy, 28 lambs (4-5 months old) of Hamari type were
used. They were fed on dura and dry groundnut hay. During this period,
they were given two doses of each of anthelmintics, antibiotics, and
anticoccidial drugs to treat them from any possible infections. They were
randomly divided into 7 groups of 4 lambs each. Six groups were orally
infected with a single dose of3000 third larval stage of H. contortus(L3).
Two of these groups were given orally 3g/kg bodyweight of A. herba alba
water extract (one group was given the extract one day before infection and
the second group after 25 days from infection). Similarly, the 3
rd
and 4
th
groups were given 9g/kg of fruit mesocarp of B. aegyptiaca(one group was
given one day before infection and the second group after25 days from
infection). The fifth group was treatedwith albendazole (5mg/kg b wt)
after 25 days from infection. The sixth group was infected but not treated
and left as a control group. The 7
th
group was kept as uninfected untreated
control. Faecal and blood samples were weekly collected for egg count and
haematological values. The infected and treated lambs were slaughtered
after 6 weeks from infection and the numbers of adult worms in the
abomasi were counted.
All infected animals showed a significant decrease in Hb
concentration, PCV, RBCs count and liveweight gain compared with the
uninfected control. Animals treated with A. herba albaand B. eagyptiaca
before infection showed slight decrease in egg per gram (epg) and total
worm burden, compared with the infected untreated control. Treatment
after infection with B. aegyptiacashowed anthelmintic efficacy of 69.9%
and maximum reduction of 69.6% in epg of faeces on day 14 post
treatment, compared with 62.5% and 61%, respectively for A. herba alba
and 97.4% and 98.5%, respectively for albendazole.
Lambs treated with A. herba albaand B. aegyptiacabefore infection,
showed no significant increase in Hb, PCV and RBCs count. However,
animals treated after infection, exhibited significant increase in Hb, PCV
and RBCs count two weeks post treatment. No significant differences were
observed in leukocyte count, eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and
liveweight gain in animals treated before or after infection compared with
the infected untreated control.No evidence of toxicity of A. herba albaand
B. aegyptiacawas observed during or after infection.
For in vitrostudy, aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. herba alba
and B. aegyptiacaat concentrations of 5,10, 15 and 50 mg/ml were
conducted on adultsand larvae (L3) of H. contortus. The extracts of the two
plants exhibited anthelmintic effects on the adults. The dose rate of 50
mg/ml showed a significant anthelmintic effect in A. herba albawith
greater activity of methanolic extract(100% mortality after 2 hours) than
the aqueous extract (90% mortality after 6 hours). However, the aqueous
extract of B. aegyptiacahad a higher anthelminticactivity (100% mortality
after 6 hours at 50mg/ml) compared with the methanolic extract (70%
mortality after 6 hours at 50mg/ml). The aqueous and methanolic extracts
of A. herba albaand B. aegyptiacaas well as albendazole had no effect on
the larvae.
The ultrastrucure of some of the nonmotile worms after treatments
with the plants was examined under electron microscope. Damage was
observed in the tegumental muscles,digestive tract and reproductive
system. The muscle fibers were hypertrophied, the microvilli of the
intestines were spaced, some were lost, others were irregular and the
reminders were reduced in size. The vetelline glands of the reproductive
system showed numerous droplets and vaculations. The mitochondria
became elongated; some were small and others were swollen.
It is concluded that B. aegyptiacaand A. herba albahad an in vivo
and in vitroanthelmintic effects on the adult H. contortus, but they lacked
prophylactic activities when given before infection.
Description
181page
Keywords
Balanites,aegyptiacaand,Artemisia,herba,Albaon,Haemonchuscontortus,sheep