Effects of Mixing Some Wood and Non-Wood Lignocellulosic Materials on the Properties of Cement and Resin- Bonded Particleboard.
Effects of Mixing Some Wood and Non-Wood Lignocellulosic Materials on the Properties of Cement and Resin- Bonded Particleboard.
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Date
2015-04-21
Authors
Elnaiem, Tagelsir
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
UOFK
Abstract
A rapid development of the wood–based panel industry has been reported
in recent literature. Major growth opportunities are expected to continue
in particleboard market. The supply for wood which is so far the main
raw material for particleboard has become problematic. Particleboard
industry is intensifying efforts to find suitable substitutes for wood. In
recent years effective utilization of thinning produce, wood and
agricultural residues has gained increasing importance. Several attempts
were made to mix different types of raw materials for making
particleboard. Particleboard production is directly linked to some of the
key issues of our times, namely; resources conservation, housing and the
environment.
This study investigated the effect of some conventional treatments on
compatibility of cement and some wood and non-wood lignocellulosic
materials. It also examined the effect of blending different proportions of
the lignocellulosic materials on the properties of particleboards made
using cement (inorganic binder) and Urea formaldehyde (organic binder).
The three lignocellulosic materials used were Acacia nilotica sawdust,
bagasse and cotton stalks. They are waste materials of widely cultivated
species in Sudan. They were collected from EL Suki sawmill, EL Gunied
sugar factory and the Fields of EL Kamlin state.
Four experiments were carried out. The first was conducted to
investigate the effect of six treatments {control (untreated material),
control +3%CaCl2, hot water extraction, Hot water extraction
+3%CaCl2,1%NaOH extraction, and 1%NaOH extraction +3%CaCl2} on
the hydration characteristics of the three lignocellulosic materials with
cement. Two Dewar flasks and a digital thermocouple were used. The
maximum hydration temperature, time to reach maximum temperature
and rise in temperature above the ambient were determined for each
lignocellulosic material. The most suitable treatment common to all
materials was the 1%NaOH+3%CaCl2 .The average maximum hydration
temperatures were 63.87 °C, for bagasse, 67.87 °C for cotton stalks and
67.9 °C for sunt sawdust. Bagasse was the least responsive material to the
treatments used, followed by cotton stalks and then sunt sawdust.
In the second experiment, extractive contents, lignin content, hot water
and weak alkali solubility of the three lignocellulosic materials were
determined. The results of the above mentioned tests revaled that bagasse
attained the highest results of hot water and 1% NaOH extraction. The
results were therefore consistent with the hydration characteristics
observed.
In the third experiment different mixtures and ratios were used to
manufacture laboratory size cement bonded particle boards. Analysis of
variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test were used to study the
significance of the variations, if any. Reasonable panel properties were
obtained from the three lignocellulosic materials either pure or mixed
using different cement/wood ratios (3:1, 3.5:1 and 4: 1).
In the fourth experiment ten different mixtures of the three lignocellulosic
materials (Nine homogenous, One layered) of urea formaldehyde resin
bonded particleboards were manufactured under the laboratory
conditions. The minimum property requirements of commercial
particleboard standards EN 312:2003 for MOR,MOE were met or
exceeded at 10% resin content level except for pure cotton stalks boards.
Addition of bagasse particles to sunt sawdust or cotton stalks or to their
mixtures improved the properties of boards made of their respective
blends
Description
Keywords
Effects,Mixing,Wood,Non-Wood,Lignocellulosic,Materials,Properties,Cement,Resin- Bonded,Particleboard