Molecular Identification of Some African Camel Ecotypes

Abstract

The current study was conducted to characterize the camel types and subtypes in the Sudan, to determine the genetic similarity and distances between types and sub-typesa and to compare them with Somalian (Arhou) and Chadian Spotted types. Blood samples were collected from 18 Sudanese camel types and subtypes, one Somalian type (Arhou) and one Chad type (spotted camel) from Red Sea State, Kassala State, Gedareff State, Showak, Butana Region, and from the River Nile State (Damer, Atbara, and Barber). DNA was extracted and then evaluated by gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. Ten random primer was used in this study six of them gave polymorphism. RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) technique was performed using ten random primers. Polymorphic bands were obtained by six primers. Genetic Similarity (Similarity Index) was calculated among the twenty samples according to Nei’s and Li’s coefficient. The mean genetic similarity ranged between 0.298 - 0.927 between Rebaigat (Kabashi) and Chad (spotted type) and between Abu Omair (Shanabla) and Aiadap (Lahawe) respectively. Genetic similarity was 0.633 between Chadian spotted type and Abukhamseen (Kinani) type, 0.833 between Annafi and Awlad Gallis type and 0.842 between Bishari (Aririt-Bashkwap) and Amirap type. It was in a range of 0.853 – 0.927 between Abu Omair (Shanabla), Nawahia (Dar Hamid), Aiadap and Hawaweer. 0.578 – 0.882 between Kabashi (Rebaigat), gemei, Kawahla (Muradi) and Maidoup. The genetic similarity between Chadian spotted type compared with Somalian type (Arhou) and all Sudan types ranged between 0.298 – 0.660, while between Somalian (Arhou) type compared with Chadian spotted and all Sudan types ranged between 0.472 – 0.825