آليات فض النزاعات والتعايش السلمي بين قبائل شرق السودان-"دراسة تجربة قبائل البجة والرشايدة"

Abstract

This study consider the tribal conflict taking place in Kassala state between Elbija and Rashaida tribes. The Reasons of conflict is the subject matter of the research. The research aims to prove the extent to which traditional mechanisms are effective in settling disputes in the tribes of Elbija and Elrashaida; those mechanism which are in use through Elbija councils which are: Elgalad, Elwagab, Elgodab against Elwany in Elrashaida. This research is based on the historical descriptive methodology to list the reasons of disputes and their development, then the study was subjected to analysis with the objective of reaching findings and recommendations based on primary data "interviews, observations and reports". The researcher encountered many obstacles at the top of which are the survey of secondary data, the difficulty of obtaining primary information due to uncertainty commonly known among the Hadandawa towards elients and their refrain to give information and the secrecy of Elrashaida towards some information related to wealth and disputes over women. From data analysis the research reached a number of findings to the effect that many factors led to the aggravation of conflict; thiefty of camels and the dispute over resources "water, pastures, land" for the dispute over power and land has become the main conflict in the area. Furthermore, the research concluded that the traditions and customs prevailing in the area of Elbija and still effective in solving disputes that the Rashaida tribe has their own traditions and cultures to solve their internal conflicts and that they mostly stand behind the failure of traditional mechanism in solving their conflict with "Albija", particularly their tendencies towards power and land disputes. In addition the research concluded that the negligence of the successive governments as well as the prevalence of ignorance, illiteracy and Albija and Elrashaida's occupation with the dispute have led to the delay of development in the state. Upon reaching the above-mentioned findings, the researcher recommends the exploitation of all reconciliatory mechanisms and joint interests to put an end to the conflict and the adoption of the inherited traditions and customs due to their effectiveness in settling disputes in the region. Furthermore, the researcher recommends the concern with investment to utilize the wealth spent on adventures, develop the region with the boosting of people's and official efforts and reconsideration of planning in the area of the dispute through the integration of the random villages into communities that make easy the process of development as well as sharing the resources available