توظيف المثل في الشعر الجاهلي

Abstract

The researcher thought that it was suitable that the skeleton of his research entitled ‘the Usage of the proverb in the pre‐Islamic poetry’ be divided into an introduction and two chapters and sections. The introduction treats the definition of the term ‘proverb’, linguistically and terminologically. Then, the researcher develops different usages of proverbs and their occasions. He discusses the difference concerning ‘the proverbs’, the aphorism (maxim, proverb) and preachment. The researcher discusses the importance of proverbs. He analysed many issues as regard to the proverb and the poetry, the first of which was the priority of the poetic proverb and the prose proverb. He also tackled in details the relationship between the proverb and poetry. As well, the researcher treated the occurrences of proverbs in poetry. Part one develops the scattered items of the subjective study. So, in chapter one which contains threes sub chapters, the first sub‐chapter is devoted to the praising and eulogy tribute, then comes the second one that tackles the glory and pride; in the third one the researcher discusses the purposes and objectives of the defamatory or satire. Chapter two contains two sub‐subjects: the first one is specified to the purposes of instigation or incitement (provocation), while the second sub‐chapter deals with the objectives of scaring. Chapter three is composed of four sub‐chapters: the first one is about erotic or love poetry, the second one for alcoholic drinks, the third one for apology, the fourth one for admonition or reproach. Chapter four which is the last one in this part is composed of two subchapters: the first one deals with preachment, and the second is devoted to elegy. In part two the researcher was able to collect the scattered elements of the technical study. Therefore, chapter one discusses the diversity of the same proverb in the variant poetic purposes. The researcher sees that it is suitable to divide it into two sub‐chapters: the first one is about the diversity of the proverb in the close poetic purposes; the second sub‐chapter deals with the contrasting poetic purposes. Chapter two treats the types (forms) of the structure of the proverb. It is also divided into two sub‐chapters: the first one is devoted to the innovated types while the second one is for the quoted ones. The third chapter tackles the technical relationships among the proverbs of the same poetic verse or part of verse. The fourth chapter discusses the position of the proverb in the structure of the poetic text, in its introduction, its subject and the conclusion; As the proverb is deeply rooted in the imagination of the poets the researcher develops the technical image in the fifth chapter, of which two sub‐chapters are developed: the first one is devoted to the rhetoric image of which three points are developed, the first of which is the similarity, the second is devoted to the metaphoric image, the third one is about the allusion or the periphrasis. The second sub‐chapter which is about the non rhetoric image is divided into two main points: first the poetic language which deals with many items such as the visual, the acoustic, the preferential, the olfactory and the tactile images. The second subchapter is devoted to the narrative image which also divided into two major parts: first the narrative image borrowed from the reality, the second one is that derived from the myth and imagination. Chapter six which is the last one is about the musical effects of the proverb on the rhythm of the poetic text