Molecular Epidemiology of Multiple-Drug Resistant Salmonellae from the Sudan
Molecular Epidemiology of Multiple-Drug Resistant Salmonellae from the Sudan
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Date
2015-04-01
Authors
Imad Mohamed Tahir Fadlalla
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
UOFK
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial
resistant salmonellae isolates from man and animals.
Assessment was done by in vitro, in vivo and molecular
assay.
Different strains of salmonellae were isolated from naturally
infected man, cattle, poultry and camels. The prevalence of salmonella
infection studied in the three areas of Khartoum States: Khartoum,
Khartoum North and Omdurman. Infection rates in animals was found
to be 10.36%, 56.31% and 6.97% in cattle, poultry and camels,
respectively. Mortality rate was found to be 1.82% and 27.3% in cattle
and poultry, respectively. In human the infection rate was found to be
11.02% calculated from the tested individuals.
All isolated strains (119 isolates) were tested for drug resistance
by the in vitro Methods. Ten antimicrobial drugs were used for
sensitivity assays. Tetracycline revealed the highest resistance (65%),
followed by furazolidone, cephalixin, colistin, and ampicillin,
204
respectively. All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and
gentamicin. The MICs to S. enteritidis for ciprofloxacin, cephalixin,
ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim were found to be
0.063, 2.25, 0.25, and 120 μg/ml, respectively, while the MBC was
found to be for the same antimicrobial drugs 0.063, 4.5, 1.0 and 240
μg/ml, respectively. This indicates a resistance to sulfamethoxazole +
trimethoprim .
Chemotaxonomy was used to compare the cell wall of the
isolated salmonellae by free lipid analysis. Nine strains showed one
pattern and belong to one cell wall free lipid group.
Molecular analysis was used for the characterization of three
salmonella strains. The three strains showed the same 16S rDNA
Sequencing pattern, and belonged to one group. The 16S rDNA genes
proved to be unsuitable for the epidemiological typing of salmonella
strains below the species level.
RAPD-PCR molecular techniques were used to detect the
mechanism by which three salmonella strains has give accumulated
resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin and cephalixin.
Although the two isolated multiple-drug resistant strains have been
isolated from human and cattle, amplification of the same resistant
genes indicated that it could be transferred between man and animals.
Description
A Thesis Submitted for Doctor of Philosophy inBiochemistry, in
accordance to the requirements of the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Khartoum
Keywords
Molecular Epidemiology
Resistant Salmonellae
sudan
Veterinary Medicine
Khartoum University
Citation
Imad Mohamed Tahir Fadlalla, Molecular Epidemiology of Multiple-Drug Resistant Salmonellae from the Sudan. – Khartoum : University of Khartoum, 2003. - 372 P. : illus., 28 cm., Ph.D.