The Compositional Quality of Raw Milk Produced by Some Dairy Cow's Farms in Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the compositional quality of raw milk produced by the big 60 dairy cow's farms at different locations of Khartoum State (Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman; 20 farms from each town) at both winter and summer season. The means of freezing point of milk samples collected during summer and winter were -518.57± 25.65 °C and -532.92± 13.48 ° C, respectively. The results indicated that there were significant differences in temperature and freezing point (P<0.01 and P<0.001) between seasons. Higher total solids were obtained during winter season than those during summer season (12.77±0.919% and 12.47±1.39%, respectively) Total solids content of milk samples revealed significant differences (P< 0.01) between cities and non-significant differences (P> 0.05) between seasons. However, significant differences (P< 0.05) were found in total solids of milk from Omdurman's dairy farms than other two cities. Lactose content during summer and winter were 3.95±0.561% and 4.06±0.618%, respectively, Lactose was found to be significant (P< 0.01) when comparing the interaction between seasons and cities. The fat content was higher during winter (4.54%± 0.59) than those during summer (4.50%± 0.46), while protein contents were founf as. 3.77±0.71 and 3.69±0.399 for summer and winter, resoectively. Higher ash content were found for the milk samples collected during summer than those collected during winter season (0.63%±0.11 and 0.593±0.089%, respectively. The result of fat, protein and ash content of milk samples revealed non-significant differences (P> 0.05) between seasons and between cities. Higher pH was obtained during winter season (6.73± 0.10) than those during summer season (6.34± 0.211). The higher level of acidity was found during summer season (0.193±0.023%), while that during winter was 0.164± 0.023%. Highly significant variations (P< 0.01) were reported for the milk samples collected from dairy farms in Khartoum for means of acidity..