Aerobic Bacterial Agents in Infections of Coryza in the Sudan

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to determine aerobic bacteria present in infectious coryza in chickens. A total of 106 birds of both sex and different ages were examined. All birds showed symptoms similar to those of infectious coryza which included nasal discharge, sneezing, swollen sinuses, conjunctivitis lacrimation and in many cases complete closure of the eye with caseated material. Involvement of both eyes was very rare. A total of 145 samples from different sites were examined. Fifteen samples were bacteriologically sterile. Samples were taken from the infraorbital sinus, trachea, conjunctival sac and mouth cavity. The swabs were streaked on blood agar, chocolate agar, blood agar plus nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V Fator), columbia agar, nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and PP10 agar for primary isolation. Different species of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. A total of 382 isolates were recovered and consisted 194 (50.72%) Gram-positive and 188 (49.28%) Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis. Micrococcus luteus, Micro. roseus, Micro. varians, Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. megaterium, B. pantothenticus, Corynebacterium murium, Actinomyces pyogenes. Gram-negative isolates were Pseudomonas aerugmosa. Pseu. fluorescens. Pseu. putida, Pseu. diminuta, Escherichia coli. Kelbsiela aerogenes, Klebsiella ozaenae, Morgenella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella flexineri, Moraxella lacunata, Branhamella catarrhalis Alcaligenes faecalis and Eikenella corrodens. The criteria used for the identification of the organisms were morphological appearance, reaction to Gram's stain and biochemical test. Twenty six Mycoplasma isolates were recovered from 75 samples from the trachea-sinus and mouth cavity. The isolates were Mycoplasma gallinarum, M. gallinaceum, M. anatis M. iners, Acholeplasma laidlawii was also isolated from nine samples.