Effects of Static Magnetic Field Exposure on Serum Electrolytes and Tissues Histology in Albino Rats
Effects of Static Magnetic Field Exposure on Serum Electrolytes and Tissues Histology in Albino Rats
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Date
2015-04-12
Authors
Abd Elkreem, Saida
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
UOFK
Abstract
Background: Due to the recent developments in electronic
technologies, daily exposure to strong static magnetic fields (SMF) is
increasing. In particular is the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) for medical diagnoses. The intensity of SMF used at MRI due to
development of MRI systems is increasing. Such strong-SMF exposure
systems have great potential to improve medical and research applications.
The hitherto studies indicated that SMF causes changes in electrolytes level
and tissues histology, for that we conducted this study.
Objectives: This experimental study aims to evaluate the effects of
repetitive exposure to SMF on serum Na+, K+, and Ca++ concentrations, and
on some tissues (brain, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, pancreas, intestine,
muscle) histology in rats.
Methods: Fifty-five Albino rats were included in this study
classified to 4 groups that involved 4 different protocols of exposure to SMF,
and a control group. The experimental plan was based on chest X-ray followup
protocol in pneumonia, pleural effusion and consolidation. In this
protocol, the subject will be exposed to chest X-ray image on day 1, 3 and 7,
then after 4 weeks from day 7. As MRI is considered to be a safe procedure
compared to X-ray the regiment can use MRI instead of X-ray. Blood
samples were obtained from retro orbital venous sinus on day 1, 3, 7, and
after 4 weeks from day 7 after exposing the rats to SMF (1.5 T) for 1 hour ,
and the level of Na+, K+, and Ca++ were measured. After the experiment was
completed, the rats were sacrificed and vital organs were dissected out and
histologically studied.
Results: The results showed that there was an increase in serum K+
concentration, and a decrease in serum Na+ concentration in all groups.
Serum Ca++ level fluctuated with a decrease in the groups of day 1, and after
4 weeks from day 7 of exposure, and an increase in the group of day 3.
The histology of the vital organs of rats exposed to SMF showed
necrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion of liver cells. Congestion, and
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hemorrhage in renal medulla and cortex, and congestion, hemorrhage and
emphysema in lungs were observed. In addition, congestion and sloughing of
epithelial villi in intestine, congestion and hemorrhage in spleen were
observed also. Moreover, vaculolation, and degeneration of brain cells,
congestion and degeneration of muscle fiber, and degeneration of pancreas.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that MRI technique is
potentially hazardous and affects electrolytes and some vital organs in
experimental Albino rats. However, the effects on human have not yet been
tested.
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Keywords
Static, Magnetic, Field, Exposure, Serum, Electrolytes,Tissues, Histology, Albino, Rats