Hyperlipidemia in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome in Khartoum State

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome is one of risk factors that contribute to the development of hyperlipidemia, which is a leading cause of coronary heart disease of coronary heart disease in adult life. The objectives of this study were to determine lipid profile of children with nephrotic syndrome and to study the correlation of hyperlipidemia and some of risk factors. A cross-sectional prospective hospital based study was carried out during the period from March 2006 to August 2006. The study was conducted at Dr. Salma Dialysis and Renal Transplant Centre, Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Gaafar Ibn Auf Children Emergency Hospital and Soba Hospital. Sixty children, who fulfilled the criteria of nephrotic syndrome, were enrolled in this study. First consent was taken history, physical examination and required investigation were done including; serum lipid (cholesterol, LDL, TG), serum albumin and serum creatinine. The age of the patients ranged between 2-15 years with peak age of 2-5 years (43.3%) and the mean of 8.4 + 4.06 years. There was obvious male predominance, where male constituted (63.3%) of the study group and female were (36.7%), giving a ratio of 1.9 : 1. Hyper cholesterolemia was found in (66.7%) of study group, hyperlipidemia of LDL (63.3%) and hypertriglyceridemia were found in (63.3%) while low HDL was found in (26.7%). All patients in relapse and those resistant to steroid therapy, and most of those on remission had elevated cholesterol (59.2%), LDL (55.1%) and triglyceride (63.2%). Positive correlation was found between dyslipidemia and duration of nephrotic syndrome, blood pressure and renal impairment and negative correlation with serum albumin. Conclusions: lipid abnormalities are common finding in patient with nephrotic syndrome. Relapse, resistant to steroid, high blood pressure, prolonged duration and renal impairment are high risk factor to hyperlipidemia. Recommendation: lipid profile is recommended in nephrotic children.