Glomerulonephritis: a Histopathological Study in Sudanese Children in Khartoum State (2008 – 2010)

Abstract

Background: Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic renal failure in Sudan. The aim of the study is to determine the histopathological patterns of GN based on renal biopsy, in relation to demographic data and risk factors with verification of the clinical outcome. Methods: This is a descriptive case series study of 150 patients with glomerulonephritis from January 2008 to December 2010. It was conducted in Soba University Hospital and Fedail Hospital. Patient’s data was collected using predesigned questionnaire. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of processed specimens were recut, stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, PAS, Masson Trichrome and silver stains and then reviewed. SPSS program version 10 was used in the analysis. Results: The patient’s ages ranged between 3 month to 18 years with a mean age of 10.25 ± 4.5 SD.The male to female ratio is 1.00: 1.11.The majority of cases (43%) were from Northern Sudan. The commonest pattern of GN was diffuse mesangioproliferative GN (16.7%).Risk factors were statistically correlated with the patterns of GN (P.value =0.000). 90.7% of cases received steroids therapy and 16% received chemotherapy .Few cases developed complications, such as acute renal failure (4%) ,while chronic GN and chronic renal failure in (0.7%). Conclusion: The age, sex, clinical presentation and the patterns of GN in Sudan were comparable to other studies Few cases had complications such as chronic renal failure which was high in studies done in Egypt and USA, where GN is the leading cause of chronic GN and ESRD. The majority had good response to corticosteroids.