الجذور التاريخية لفكرة المهدية في الإسلام

Abstract

This thesis is a study of the historic roots of the Mahdist idea in Islam. It is subdivided into: introduction and eleven chapters. The Mahdist idea is the one of the Milleranian movements, which belived the Mahdi will come to occurred in the earliest days of Islam, and spread justice and peace on the earth instead of apperession and despotism. Those who followed this idea got evidences from Quran and Hadiths to support their attitude, so there is a brief explanation in the introduction and analysis for the important references. The first topic explains the doctrines of the Arabs during the pre- Islamic age, and their beliefs on some prophecy sciences, so when Islam came, which depends in the belief of the unseen world like recompense, punishment and resurrection, it became easy for them to accept it. This lead to the rise of the combat background for the sects, because some tribes got the idea of the expected leader like Al-Qahtani and Al-sifyani. The second topic is about the Shi’ites, and how this sect appeared since the election of Abu Baker Al Sideeq some people objected this, and this objection continued up to the death of the Califpha Osman bin Afan. This led to the appearance of the Shi’ia sect, the followers of Ali bin Abi Talib. They had some believes and doctrines like the idea of the expected Mahdi and the resuscitation, they supported by Al-Jafer science, which they thought that all Ali bin Abi Talib posterity inherited some invisible science, contained every thing up to the end of the world. The third topic is about some Shi’ias movements like the movement of Al-Nafs AlZkeya, who emerged during the Calipha Al- Mansoor period, and he announced that he was Al-Mahdi. Also there is the movement of Al-Mukhtar bin Abi Obaid Al-thaqafi, who announced that Mohammed bin Al-Hanafeya bin Ali bin Abi Talib was the expected Mahdi. So through selected texts from some poems of Shi’is poets, we explain some thoughts like the absence, resuscitation and the expected leader. The fifth topic discussed the Ismailism sect, which ascribed to Ismail bin Jafar Al-Sadiq. This sect appear as a political movement, which developed and divided to the seventh Emameya and the twelfth Emameya. They call for the expected Ismaily leader. The Shi’ite propagandism spread in Morocco among the Barbarian, and this led to the appearance of the Fatimid Caliphate, so the Ismailism call transferred from the invisibility to the avowedly stage, so they started to call to the leader from Ismail bin Jafer Al-Sadiq posterity. The last topic comprehends the latest Mahdist movements. One of them was the movement of Ibn Tomart, who took the Mahdist idea as the order of kindness and prohibition of the illict deeds, and this led to the establishment of Al-Moahedeen state in Morocco. Another example of the latest Mahdist movements, the Mahdist in Sudan, which at that time was under the Turkish colonial. He announced that he was the Savior who came to rescue the people and spread peace and Justice. He established the Mahdist state in Sudan, which ended by the British colonial rule. In the conclusion, there is a brief summary to all the sects ideas, and analysis for their different doctrines thoughts and results.