Evaluation of some intravenous anaesthetic protocols for use in Female Desert Goats in Sudan
Evaluation of some intravenous anaesthetic protocols for use in Female Desert Goats in Sudan
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Date
2015-04-18
Authors
Hashim, Awad
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Publisher
UOFK
Abstract
In this study, it is decided to throw light on some intravenous anaesthetic
protocols to be used in female desert goats in Sudan. The main objective of this
study is to provide baseline data pertaining to different anaesthetic phases tested
and to compare and contrast the different examined protocols.
This study was conducted using 64 healthy female desert goats divided
randomly into eight groups ofequal size. Ketamine Hcl (KT) (5%) at dose rate of
4mg/kg body weight and Thiopentone Sodium (TH) (2.5%) at dose rate of 10mg/kg
body weight were used as induction agents injected intravenously in all examined
protocols. Diazepam (DI) (0.5%) at dose rate of 0.5mg/kg body weight, Xylazine
(XY) (2%) at dose rate of 0.1mg/kg body weight and Medetomidine (ME) at dose
rate of 10µg/kg body weight were used aspremedications, individually injected
intravenously 10 minutes prior to Ketamine Hcl or Thiopentone Sodium (TH)
injection. Each of the above mentioned groups of animals were subjected to
treatment either with KT or TH with or without one of the above mentioned
premedications, so the tested protocols were KT, KT-DI, KT-XY, KT-ME, TH,
TH-DI, TH-XY and TH-ME.
Respiratory rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were measured before and
immediately after injection of premedications and anaesthetics at 10 minutes
intervals until full recovery was attainedas monitor, using standard clinical
methods. The major reflexes were monitored throughout the course of anaesthesia.
The usage of the protocols KT, KT-XY and KT-ME induced significant
increase in respiratory rate, while TH-DI and TH-XY exerted significant decrease
in respiration. There was significant tachycardia due to injection of TH, TH-DI and
TH-XY, and significant bradycardia due to injection of TH-ME. The usage of TH
and TH-DI induced significant hyperthermia, while none of the protocols tested
harboured significant hypothermia.
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Thiopentone sodium containing protocols (TH-DI, TH-XY, and TH-ME)
were found to have longer duration of anaesthetic phase, when compared with that
observed with Ketamine or Thiopentone sodium when used without premedication.
The longest duration of basal narcosis was induced with the protocol TH-ME,
while KT harboured the shortest one. The protocol KT-ME induced the longest
mean period of lateral recumbancy phase and KT-DI exerted the shortest one. The
longest mean value of the sternal recumbancy phase in different protocols tested
was induced with TH-DI, while the KT-XY harboured the shortest one. The longest
mean value of standing phase was noticed with TH-DI, and the shortest one with
ME-KT. There was no obviousrelationship between phases of anaesthesia and
regained time of selected reflexes tested.
There is significant increase in total recovery time (TRT) when
premedications were used prior to Ketamine or Thiopentone sodium. Also
generally, Thiopentone sodium containing protocols were reported to have
significantly longer duration of TRT than Ketamine Hcl containing protocols.
Apnoea was observed when Thiopentone sodium containing protocols were
used. The longest duration of apnoea was induced with TH-DI, the shortest one was
due to injection of TH-XY.
This study concludes that each of the eight tested protocols at the prescribed
dose rates is safe for use in female desert goats, with variable effects on
physiological and anaesthetic parameters.
Description
115 page
Keywords
intravenous,anaesthetic,protocols,Female,Desert Goats,Sudan