Musa, Ahmed M.Khalil, Eltahir Awad G.Mahgoub, Fawzi Abd ElrahimHassab, Sara HamadElkadarud, Abd Elgadir Mohamed Yousif.2015-11-122015-11-122015-11-122015http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/123456789/17040Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a recognized dermatosis that follows successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in the Sudan. This randomized and doubleblind study aimed to assess safety, immunogenicity and curative potentials of a novel immunochemotherapy regimen in patients with persistent PKDL. Following informed consent, 30 patients were randomized to receive alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major (Alum/ALM) vaccine + Bacille Calmette-Gu´erin (BCG) and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) or vaccine diluent and SSG. The SSG+Alum/ALM+BCG proved safe with minimal local adverse events. In the SSG+vaccine group, 87% of the patients were cured by day 60 compared with 53% in the SSG alone group (SSG+vaccine efficacy = 71%, 95% CI for risk ratio 0.7—1.16). On day 90 of follow-up there were two relapses in the SSG alone arm and none in the SSG+vaccine arm. Pretreatment cytokines showed high IFN- or high IFN- /IL-10 levels and leishmanin skin test (LST) non-reactivity, while healing/clinical improvement were associated with LST reactivity and lowVisceral leishmaniasis; Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; Immunotherapy; Sodium stibogluconate; Vaccines; SudanPost-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasisImmunotherapyPublication